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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piezoelectric detection of the photoacoustic signals of n-type GaAs single crystals (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 2408-2413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Piezoelectric photoacoustic (PA) measurements on liquid-encapsulated-Czochralski-grown n-GaAs were carried out at room temperature. A continuous broad band below 1.35 eV and a peak at 1.383 eV were observed in the PA amplitude spectra. By comparing with the optical-absorption spectra, it is concluded that the broad band is due to the electron transition involving the EL2 deep-lying defect levels. For the observed peak at 1.383 eV, the origin is considered to be dislocation related. The possibility that this peak is an apparent one expected from the proposed models for the PA signal generation is denied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351098
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a high-resolution x-ray imaging system with a charge-coupled-device detector coupled with crystal x-ray magnifiers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4449-4456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A high-spatial-resolution x-ray imaging system for microscopic use has been developed, which utilizes a charge-coupled-device (CCD) detector as an imaging device. The spatial resolution of the x-ray CCD detector with Gd2O2S:Tb is 8.0 μm in terms of the full width at half-maximum of the line-spread function with a conversion gain of 0.58 e-h/xph. In order to obtain a higher spatial resolution, x-ray magnifiers based on asymmetric Si(111) Bragg reflections are placed in front of the x-ray CCD detector. The spatial resolution of this imaging system has been improved to 1.2 μm. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322588
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-P–high-T metamorphism and the role of heat transport by melt migration in the Higo Metamorphic Complex, Kyushu, Japan (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 22 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: This paper characterizes the metamorphic thermal structure of the Higo Metamorphic Complex (HMC) and presents the results of a numerical simulation of a geotherm with melt migration and solidification. Reconstruction of the geological and metamorphic structure shows that the HMC initially had a simple thermal structure where metamorphic temperatures and pressures increased towards apparent lower structural levels. Subsequently, this initial thermal structure has been collapsed by E–W and NNE–SSW trending high-angle faults. Pressure and temperature conditions using the analysis of mineral assemblages and thermobarometry define a metamorphic field P–T array that may be divided into two segments: the array at apparent higher structural levels has a low-dP/dT slope, whereas that at apparent lower structural levels has a high-dP/dT slope. This composite array cannot be explained by heat conduction in subsolidus rocks alone. Migmatite is exposed pervasively at apparent lower structural levels, but large syn-metamorphic plutons are absent at the levels exposed in the HMC. Transport and solidification of melt within migmatite is a potential mechanism to generate the composite array. Thermal modelling of a geotherm with melt migration and solidification shows that the composite thermal structure may be formed by a change of the dominant heat transfer from an advective regime to a conduction regime with decreasing depth. The model also predicts that strata beneath the crossing point will consist of high-grade solid metamorphic rocks and solidified melt products, such as migmatite. This prediction is consistent with the observation that migmatite was associated with the very high-dP/dT slope. The melt migration model is able to generate the very high-dP/dT segment due to the high rate of heat transfer by advection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00550.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal modelling in shallow subduction: an application to low P/T metamorphism of the Cretaceous Shimanto Accretionary Complex, Japan (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 20 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: This paper presents the results of numerical modelling to investigate the regional occurrence of prehnite-bearing metamorphic rocks at shallow levels in subduction zones. The modelling assumes a simple geometrical configuration in which the thermal structure in a prism is controlled by boundary conditions at the top and base of the prism. It is expected that the predominant metamorphic facies in a prism will change with decreasing age of the descending slab. The results of thermal modelling show that the facies boundary between pumpellyite–actinolite and prehnite–actinolite facies (including prehnite–pumpellyite facies) overlaps with an array of P–T conditions in the prism when the age of a descending slab is younger than 10 Myr. This implies that the change of the predominant metamorphic facies from pumpellyite–actinolite to prehnite–actinolite facies will switch drastically. The critical age of the switch depends on subduction parameters. In particular, the critical age of the descending slab is 〈5 Myr in the case of no shear heating, with a subduction rate of v=75–200 mm y−1 and subduction angle of θ=5–15°. For shear heating (constant shear stress=30 MPa) with a subduction rate of v=75 mm y−1 and subduction angle of θ=10° the critical age is 7 Myr. To test this switching behaviour in the development of prehnite–actinolite facies in the prism, petrologic data from the Cretaceous Shimanto Accretionary Complex (CSAC) in Kyushu, Japan were compiled. The regional occurrence and mineral assemblages of prehnite-bearing metamorphic rocks suggest that the most of CSAC was metamorphosed under prehnite–actinolite facies. This conclusion is consistent with subduction of a young, hot slab, as has been proposed based on other geological observations. This suggests that the regional extent of the prehnite–actinolite facies metamorphic rocks may be a unique evidence for the subduction of a young, hot slab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00380.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous growth of cordierite in low P/T Tsukuba metamorphic rocks from central Japan (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 19 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: This paper examines the spatial statistics of matrix minerals and complex patterned cordierite porphyroblasts in the low-pressure, high-temperature (low P/T) Tsukuba metamorphic rocks from central Japan, using a density correlation function. The cordierite-producing reaction is sillimanite + biotite + quartz = K-feldspar + cordierite + water. The density correlation function shows that quartz is distributed randomly. However, the density correlation functions of biotite, plagioclase and K-feldspar show that their spatial distributions are clearly affected by the formation of cordierite porphyroblasts. These observations suggest that cordierite growth occurred through a selective growth mechanism: quartz adjacent to cordierite has a tendency to prevent the growth of cordierite, whereas other matrix minerals adjacent to cordierite have a tendency to enhance the growth of cordierite. The density correlation functions of complex patterned cordierite porphyroblasts show power-law behaviour. A selective growth mechanism alone cannot explain the origin of the power-law behaviour. Comparison of the morphology and fractal dimension of cordierite with two-dimensional sections from a three-dimensional diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) suggests that the formation of cordierite porphyroblasts can be modelled as a DLA process. DLA is the simple statistical model for the universal fractal pattern developed in a macroscopic diffusion field. Diffusion-controlled growth interacting with a random field is essential to the formation of a DLA-like pattern. The selective growth mechanism will provide a random noise for the growth of cordierite due to random distribution of quartz. Therefore, a selective growth mechanism coupled with diffusion-controlled growth is proposed to explain the power-law behaviour of the density correlation function of complex patterned cordierite. The results in this paper suggest that not only the growth kinetics but also the spatial distribution of matrix minerals affect the progress of the metamorphic reaction and pattern formation of metamorphic rocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0263-4929.2000.00302.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure–temperature conditions and retrograde paths of eclogites, garnet–glaucophane rocks and schists from South Sulawesi, Indonesia (1996)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of metamorphic geology 14 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: High-pressure metamorphic rocks exposed in the Bantimala area, c. 40 km north-east of Ujung Pandang, were formed as a Cretaceous subduction complex with fault-bounded slices of melange, chert, basalt, turbidite, shallow-marine sedimentary rocks and ultrabasic rocks. Eclogites, garnet–glaucophane rocks and schists of the Bantimala complex have estimated peak temperatures of T =580–630 °C at 18 kbar and T =590–640 °C at 24 kbar, using the garnet–clinopyroxene geothermometer. The garnet–omphacite–phengite equilibrium is used to estimate pressures. The distribution coefficient KD1=[(Xpyr)3(Xgrs)6/(Xdi)6]/[(Al/Mg)M2,wm (Al/Si)T2,wm]3 among omphacite, garnet and phengite is a good index for metamorphic pressures. The KD1values of the Bantimala eclogites were compared with those of eclogites with reliable P–T  estimates. This comparison suggests that peak pressures of the Bantimala eclogites were P=18–24 kbar at T =580–640 °C. These results are consistent with the P–T  range calculated using garnet–rutile–epidote–quartz and lawsonite–omphacite–glaucophane–epidote equilibria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.1996.00381.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-lasting contractile action and the inhibitory action of cupric ions on ileal longitudinal muscle (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1 Cupric ions (Cu2+), at concentrations above 0.03 mm, induced a progressive increase in the tonic contraction of guinea-pig ileal longitudinal muscle. Maximal contraction of 0.1 mm Cu2+ attained a level above that of the 60-mm K+-induced tonic response, within 20 min of application. The tension induced by Cu2+ persisted for more than several hours. Tetrodotoxin (3 × 10−6 m) had no effect on the contraction induced by 0.1 mm Cu2+. 2 After incubation in a Ca2+-free medium, the ileal response to 0.1 mm Cu2+ was lost. Nifedipine, a L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, dose-dependently inhibited contractions induced by Cu2+. 3 As the duration of the first application of 0.1 mm Cu2+ increased above 30 min, after washing with normal medium, the contractile response to a second application of 0.1 mm Cu2+ decreased gradually. After 150 min of the first application of 0.1 mm Cu2+, a second application of Cu2+ could not evoke any contraction. 4 After the application of 0.1 mm Cu2+ for 150 min, when muscles were washed with a medium containing 1 mm EDTA, the response to 0.1 mm Cu2+ returned to a greater extent in the normal Ca2+ medium. 5 In conclusion, Cu2+ (0.1 mm) induced a maximal ileal tension above that of the K-induced tonic response within 20 min. The ileal contraction to Cu2+ persisted for more than several hours and depended on extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. It is possible that a part of Cu2+, bound to a EDTA-inaccessible site, also has a tension inhibitory effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-8673.2004.00320.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MULTIPLE FORMS OF PROTEIN KINASES IN MYELIN AND MICROSOMAL FRACTIONS OF BOVINE BRAIN (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 31 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The activity profiles of the solubilized protein kinases from the microsomal and myelin fractions of bovine brain were examined by column chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The main peak of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent activity with histone as substrate for each membrane enzyme was eluted with about 0.2 m-NaCl on a DEAE-cellulose column. A peak of activity stimulated with cyclic AMP was also eluted with about 0.1 m-NaCl for the microsomal enzyme. A peak with protamine and casein as substrate for the microsomal or myelin enzyme, respectively, was larger than that with histone as substrate for each enzyme. The first peak with histone as substrate on a DEAE–cellulose column appeared as two peaks on the Sepharose 6B column. The second peak with histone as substrate on DEAE–cellulose column was shown to be a holoenzyme consisting of regulatory and catalytic subunits. The holoenzyme and subunits were eluted at similar positions to each other between both membrane enzymes on Sepharose 6B column. The holoenzyme sedimented as two peaks of activity on sucrose density gradient centrifugation, both of which were stimulated with cyclic AMP. The preincubation of the holoenzyme with cyclic AMP resulted in shifting to a position of a smaller molecular size.The results indicate the occurrence of multiple forms of protein kinases in membrane fractions of brain with respect to substrate specificity and physical property.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb12459.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topical application of Bifidobacterium-fermented soy milk extract containing genistein and daidzein improves rheological and physiological properties of skin (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 27 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Paper presented in part at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan, Tokyo, September 21, 2000.The authors examined the effects of Bifidobacterium-fermented soy milk extract (BE) containing genistein and daidzein on the hyaluronic acid (HA) content and rheological and physiological properties of hairless mouse and/or human skin. Topical application of BE for six weeks significantly restored changes in the elasticity and viscoelasticity of mouse skin, increased the HA content, and hydrated and thickened mouse skin. Also, topical application of a gel formula containing 10% BE to the human forearm for three months significantly lessened the decrease in skin elasticity. Therefore, BE is expected to become a new cosmetic ingredient to prevent the loss of skin elasticity through enhancement of HA production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00252_5.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation for wafer surface trace impurity analysis (invited) : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1293-1297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Trace impurity analysis is essential for the development of competitive silicon circuit technologies. Current best methods for chemically identifying and quantifying surface and near-surface impurities include grazing incidence x-ray fluorescence techniques using rotating anode x-ray sources. To date, this method falls short of what is needed for future process generations. However, the work described here demonstrates that with the use of synchrotron radiation, total reflection x-ray fluorescence methods can be extended to meet projected needs of the silicon circuit industry until, at least, the year 2000. The present results represent over an order of magnitude improvement in detection limit over what has been reported previously. A double multilayer monochromator on a high flux wiggler beam line resulted in a detection limit for Ni of 3×108 atoms/cm2. This is to be compared with a detection limit of 5×109 atoms/cm2 obtained with a rotating anode system. This is due to the greatly improved signal to background in the case of the synchrotron. Furthermore, there is a path to improving the synchrotron case to reach a detection limit of 5×107 atoms/cm2. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145957
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