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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microemulsions studies: Correlation between viscosity, electrical conductivity and electrochemical and fluorescent probe measurements (1986)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 264 (1986), S. 896-902 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Microemulsions ; viscosity ; electrical conductivity ; electrochemical and fluorescent probes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Microemulsion systems involving brine and dodecane, and stabilized by sodium dodecylsulfate and both pentanol and heptanol have been investigated. Results of various experiments including conductivity and viscosity measurements, electrochemical diffusion coefficients and fluorescent probe studies have been gathered and compared in order to gain additional understanding of the microemulsion structure. The diffusion coefficients of hydrophilic hydroquinone and hydrophobic ferrocene obtained from the Levich equation at the rotating disc electrode, vary as the self-diffusion coefficients of water and dodecane, respectively; the results are consistent with those obtained by other workers from tracer or NMR self-diffusion studies. The fluorescence analysis of the polarity sensed by pyrene and the microviscosity felt by dipyrenylpropane suggests that the progressive addition of pentanol and dodecane to SDS micelles leads to solubilizate the probes more in the droplet interior where they experience a more hydrophobic environment. The systematic study of the two microemulsion systems provides insight into the microscopic properties of the oil domains in which the fluorescent probes are assumed to be located. In the system stabilized by n-heptanol as cosurfactant, the microviscosity sensed by P(CH2)3P is shown to be much lower than the bulk viscosity of the microemulsion. All the results evidence the well-known structural transitions: water continuous, bicontinuous and oil continuous in the single monophasic area of the brine/ SDS/n-pentanol/dodecane system; premicellar aggregates and water swollen micelles in the W/O area of the brine/SDS/n-heptanol/dodecane system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410641
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microemulsion structure in the lenticular monophasic areas of brine/SDS/pentanol/dodecane or hexane systems: electrochemical and fluorescent studies (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Microemulsions ; viscosity ; conductivity ; electrochemical and fluorescent probes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The properties of pseudo-ternary systems involving brine, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), pentanol and dodecane or hexane have been investigated. When the hydrocarbon is dodecane, the microemulsion system includes in addition to the main monophasic area a small lens inserted in an oil-rich zone. With hexane, the microemulsion domain splits into two parts, one of which consists of a narrow scythe-blade shaped area which spreads from the water top up to compositions very rich in hydrocarbon. The properties of these uncommon microemulsions were compared with those of microemulsions belonging to the main monophasic area in order to gain additional understanding of their structure. Results of experiments including electrical conductivity and viscosity measurements, electrochemical and fluorescent probe studies lead to the following conclusions: Microemulsions of the small lens of the brine/SDS/pentanol/dodecane system exhibit properties which are reminiscent of structures with at once water and oil countinuous phases. Microemulsions of the lenticular area of the brine/SDS/pentanol/ hexane system seem to undergo the same structural transitions as microemulsions of systems which present a single monophasic area: water-continuous, bicontinuous and oilcontinuous structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422663
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimized Overcomplete Signal Representation and its Applications to Time-frequency Analysis of Electrogastrogram (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 26 (1998), S. 859-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Spectral analysis ; Matching pursuit ; Stomach ; Gastric motility ; Electrogastrography ; Evolutionary programming ; Signal analysis ; Electrogastrogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrogastrogram (EGG) is a surface measurement of gastric myoelectrical activity. The normal frequency of gastric myoelectrical activity in humans is 3 cycles/min. Abnormal frequencies in gastric myoelectrical activity have been found to be associated with functional disorders of the stomach. The aim of this article was, therefore, to develop new time-frequency analysis methods for the detection of gastric dysrhythmia from the EGG. A concept of overcomplete signal representation was used. Two algorithms were proposed for the optimization of the overcomplete signal representation. One was a fast algorithm of matching pursuit and the other was based on an evolutionary program. Computer simulations were performed to compare the performance of the proposed methods in comparison with existing time-frequency analysis methods. It was found that the proposed algorithms provide higher frequency resolution than the short time Fourier transform and Wigner-Ville distribution methods. The practical application of the developed methods to the EGG is also presented. It was concluded that these methods are well suited for the time-frequency analysis of the EGG and may also be applicable to the time-frequency analysis of other biomedical signals. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC98: 8780+s, 0705Kf
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.69
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Filter Banks and Neural Network-based Feature Extraction and Automatic Classification of Electrogastrogram (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 27 (1999), S. 88-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Electrogastrography ; Gastric motility ; Stomach ; Filter banks ; Neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Dysrhythmia in gastric myoelectrical activity has been frequently observed in patients with gastric motor disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms. The assessment of the regularity of gastric myoelectrical activity is of great clinical significance. The aim of this study was to develop an automated assessment method for the regularity of gastric myoelectrical activity from the surface electrogastrogram (EGG). The method proposed in this paper was based on the filter bank and neural network. First, the EGG signal was divided into frequency subbands using filter bank analysis. Second, a parameter called the subband energy ratio (SER) was computed for each subband signal. A multilayer perceptron neural network was then used to automatically classify the EGG signal into four categories: bradygastria, normal, tachygastria, and arrhythmia, using the SER as the input. The EGG recording was made using the standard method of electrogastrography by placing electrodes on the abdominal surface. The study was performed in 40 patients with various gastric motor disorders, ten healthy adults, and ten healthy children. The neural network was trained and tested using the EGG data obtained from the patients. The regularity of gastric myoelectrical activity was assessed based on the classification of the minute-by-minute EGG segments. Using the running spectral analysis method as a gold standard, the proposed automated method had an accuracy of 100% for the training set and 97% for the test set. It was concluded that the proposed method provides an accurate and automatic assessment of the regularity of gastric myoelectrical activity from the EGG. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8780-y, 8717-d, 0705Mh, 0270Hm
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.151
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrogastrography: measuremnt, analysis and prospective applications (1991)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 29 (1991), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bio-potential ; Electrogastrography ; Gastric motility ; Myoelectrical activity ; Signal analysis ; Slow wave ; Stomach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electrogastrography (EGG), the cutaneous recording of the myoelectrical activity of the stomach using surface electrodes, is attractive due to its non-invasiveness and its correlation with gastric motility. Since the first measurement of the EGG, a great deal of research effort has been expended on investigating its relationship with specific activities of the stomach in question. In this review, we discuss how to measure the EGG, what information is available in the EGG, how to extract useful information from the EGG and the prospective applications of the EGG. After a brief historic evolution of the EGG, we first discuss the measurement of the EGG, the importance of localisation of the stomach and the characteristics of the EGG. The most commonly used EGG data-analysis methods, both power spectral analysis and waveform analysis, are then outlined. Some of prospective applications of the EGG in clinical diagnosis and medical research are described, mainly concerning the correlation between EGG amplitude and gastric motility and that between EGG rhythmic variations and motility disorders. Specifically, we present studies on pre- and postprandial EGGs, observation of the propagation direction of the gastric slow wave and gastric electrical dysrhythmias and their correlation with gastric motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441653
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of the electric activity in the human stomach to water and a solid meal (1991)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 29 (1991), S. 351-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bioelectric potential ; Electrogastrogram ; Electromyography ; Gastric motility ; Slow wave ; Stomach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The gastric electric activity paces the contractions of the stomach and can be measured noninvasively using surface electrodes placed on the abdomen. In this paper, response of the gastric electric activity to water and a solid meal was investigated using surface electrodes. Applying an improved recording technique, power spectral analysis and statistical analysis methods, the gastric electric activity in preprandial, postwater and postprandial states was measured and analysed from ten healthy volunteers. To more convincingly show the effect of water and the solid meal on the gastric slow wave and gastric motility, simultaneous recordings of the cutaneous EGG and manometric activities in the stomach were performed in three gastroparetic patients. It was found that water does not induce contractions of the stomach, but the gastric slow wave amplitude increases (p〈0·05) and frequency decreases (p〈0·05). The solid meal results in an increase in both the amplitude (p〈0·01) and the frequency (p〈0·02) of the gastric slow wave. It appears that the postprandial EGG amplitude increases because of a combination of stomach contractions and gastric distension bringing the stomach closer to the recording electrodes. The slow wave frequency, however, correlates well with stomach contractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441654
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of milk on myoelectrical activity of the stomach—an electrogastrographic study (1992)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 30 (1992), S. 564-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Electrogastrography ; Milk ; Myoelectrical activity ; Slow wave ; Spectrum analysis ; Stomach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02457839
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