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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical composition and efficacy of cephalic gland secretion ofArmitermes chagresi (Isoptera: Termitidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 531-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Armitermes chagresi ; Isoptera ; Termitidae ; termite ; chemical defense ; cephalic gland ; macrocyclic lactones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Soldiers of the neotropical humivorous termiteArmitermes chagresi have large ice-tong-like mandibles for mechanical defense and a moderate length nasus from which cephalic gland defensive secretions are discharged. Soldiers do not eject secretion, but ooze droplets which are held at the nasus tip by hairs. The chemical secretion is composed of C22–C26 macrocyclic lactones, including C24 and C26 and α- and β-hydroxylated lactones, with C24 macrolides predominating. The cephalic gland secretion has no pheromonal properties and does not induce alarm or attraction in soldiers or workers. Upon application, the secretion repels and is irritating to ants, but does not appear to act as an antihealant. The defensive behavior and chemistry ofA. chagresi is discussed in light of termite ecology and evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988098
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface hydrocarbon components of two species ofNasutitermes from Trinidad (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2441-2450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chemotaxonomy ; Isoptera ; Termitidae ; Nasutitermitinae ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; Neotropical termites ; Nasutitermes costalis ; Nasutitermes corniger ; Nasutitermes ephratae ; Caribbean insects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Colonies ofNasutitermes costalis (Holmgren) andN. ephratae (Holmgren) were collected from five locations in Trinidad. Cuticular hydrocarbons were characterized by gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry and quantified by capillary gas chromatography. Sixteen major components were identified; all but one component (12, 16-dimethyltriacontane) were common to both species. The methyl-branched hydrocarbons were predominant inN. costalis, while the majority of the hydrocarbon components inN. ephratae weren-alkanes. One hydrocarbon (11,15-dimethylheptacosane) was found in abundance in samples ofN. ephratae from Trinidad but was not previously reported from collections of this species in Panama. In addition to the morphology of the soldiers and alates and the architecture of the arboreal nests,N. costalis andN. ephratae from Trinidad can easily be separated by chromatograms of the hydrocarbons.N. costalis has an enormous 13,17-dimethylhentriacontane peak (mean = 42.4% of total hydrocarbon). InN. ephratae this peak is much smaller and the 12,16-dimethyltriacontane peak is completely missing.N. costalis from Trinidad andN. corniger from Panama appear to have cuticular hydrocarbon profiles that are more similar to one another than are those ofN. ephratae from Trinidad and Panama.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01017467
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocarbons ofNasutitermes acajutlae and comparison of methodologies for sampling cuticular hydrocarbons of caribbean termites for taxonomic and ecological studies (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 2081-2109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Nasutitermes acajutlae ; chemotaxonomy ; Isoptera ; Termitidae ; tropical termites ; gas chromatography ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; olefins ; mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Using data from the arboreal nestingNasutitermes acajutlae (Holmgren), we propose standard collection and extraction methodology for characterization of cuticular hydrocarbons of termites under field conditions in the tropics. Specifically, we evaluated: (1) the effect of the duration and the number of extractions; (2) the effect of drying termites before extraction; (3) the effect of sample size; (4) the effect of solvents (ethanol versus hexane) on cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Olefins comprise ca. 70% of the cuticular hydrocarbons ofN. acajutlae. Hydrocarbons consist of two distinct groups: early-eluting components, primarilyn-alkanes and methyl-branched alkanes, and late-eluting compounds, which consist almost exclusively of unsaturated components with one to six double bonds. Soldiers have more early-eluting compounds than workers or alates. Nests from the same island had qualitatively similar, but quantitatively dissimilar hydrocarbon mixtures. Brief extractions of 300 live workers in 10 ml of hexane for only 20 sec produced a hydrocarbon mixture equivalent to a 10-min extraction. Long-term extraction of 300 workers in hexane for two years resulted in different mixtures of hydrocarbons. Drying workers tended to enhance extraction of the less abundant unsaturated compounds such as C41.4 and C41.5. A single extraction of a minimum of 100 workers (live or dried), with hexane for 20 sec to 10 min is best; these extraction regimes resulted in mixtures of hydrocarbons that are quantitatively very similar. For quantitative comparisons, extracts from dried samples should not be compared to those from live samples. Storage in ethanol caused numerous unidentified, nonhydrocarbon compounds to be extracted either from the cuticle or from internal tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040096
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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