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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 36 (1976), S. 287-297 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Toluene ; Hippuric acid ; Thin-layer scanning ; Urine ; Printing works ; Toluol ; Hippursäure ; Chromatogramm-Spektralphotometrie ; Harn ; Tiefdruckbetrieb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine dünnschichtchromatographisch-densitometrische Methode zur Bestimmung der Hippursäurekonzentration im menschlichen Urin beschrieben. Ihre unter den Bedingungen der statistischen Qualitätskontrolle ermittelte Genauigkeit beträgt 6,85%. Die Wiederauffindungsraten lagen zwischen 98,1 und 104,5%. Diese Zuverlässigkeitskriterien werden mit der auf Pagnotto zurückgehenden UV-spektrometrischen Bestimmungsmethode verglichen. Die Selektivität der Methode erlaubt es u.a., die bei einer Mischexposition gegenüber Toluol und Xylolen im Harn auftretenden Tolursäuren von Hippursaure abzutrennen und zu bestimmen. Die dünnschichtchromatographisch bestimmte mittlere Hippursäureausscheidung eines Normal-Kollektivs (n = 30) betrug 0, 79 g/l. Ein Kollektiv von toluolexponierten Arbeitern wurde zu Schichtbeginn und gegen Schichtende hinsichtlich seiner Hippursäureausscheidung untersucht. Bei einer mittleren Toluolkonzentration in der Luft von 27 ppm ergab sich eine densitometrisch bestimmte mittlere Hippursäureausscheidung von
    Notes: Summary A thin-layer chromatographic-densitometric method for determining hippuric acid in human urine is described. Under conditions of statistical quality control the precision of the method is 6.85%. The rate of recovery is 98.1–104.5%. The selectivity of the method enables separation and determination of, among others, hippuric acid from methyl-hippuric acids. These acids are eliminated in the urine of people exposed to toluene as well as to xylenes. The criteria for reliability are compared with those of the UV-spectrometric method tracing back to Pagnotto. The average concentration of hippuric acid as determined by thin-layer chromatography of a group of normal persons (n = 30) was 0.79 g/l. A group of employees exposed to toluene was examined according to their elimination of hippuric acid at the beginning and the end of their shift. An average concentration of 27 ppm of toluene in the air caused an average elimination of hippuric acid in urine of 2.04 g/l which was determined densitometrically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 56 (1985), S. 323-328 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Toluene ; External and internal exposure ; O-cresol excretion ; Biological limit values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-five printing workers were investigated according to their external and internal exposure to toluene. The concentration of toluene in the air of the working place was determined using stationary air sampling and gas chromatography. To determine the levels of toluene in blood as well as the concentrations of o-cresol, hippuric acid, and phenol in urine, biological specimens were collected at the end of exposure. The parameters were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. According to our results, o-cresol concentrations higher than 5.3 mg per litre of post-shift urine might indicate an external exposure higher than the present MAK-value of 200 ppm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 31 (1973), S. 265-276 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Toluene ; Hippuric acid ; Printing-works ; Metabolism ; Organic solvents ; Supervision ; Toluol ; HippursÄure ; Tiefdruckbetrieb ; Metabolismus ; Org. Lösungsmittel ; überwachungsuntersuchung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An einem beruflich toluolexponierten Kollektiv einer Druckerei (n=94) wurde geprüft, welche Beziehungen zwischen der Toluolkonzentration in der Raumluft, dem Toluolspiegel im Blut und der HippursÄureausscheidung im Harn bestehen. Die Toluolanalysen in der Luft und im Blut erfolgten gaschromatographisch, die HippursÄurebestimmungen spektralphotometrisch. Als obere Normgrenze der Toluolkonzentration im Blut (errechnet aus einem nicht lösungsmittelbelasteten Vergleichskollektiv; n=30) ergab sich 15 Μg Toluol pro 100 ml Blut. Bei den belasteten Probanden fand sich eine enge Beziehung zwischen der Toluolkonzentration im Blut und der in der Raumluft, wÄhrend sich eine AbhÄngigkeit der HippursÄureausscheidung im Harn von der Toluolkonzentration im Blut oder in der Raumluft statistisch nicht sichern lie\. Gleichzeitig durchgeführte Phenolbestimmungen im Harn zeigten dagegen eine hochsignifikante Korrelation mit der HippursÄureausscheidung im Harn bei den toluolbelasteten Probanden auf. Damit mu\ die Eignung von Phenolbestimmungen im Harn zur überwachung Benzolexponierter bei gleichzeitiger Toluolbelastung in Frage gestellt werden. Für die überwachung Toluolexponierter wird neben der HippursÄurebestimmung im Harn eine Toluolanalyse im Blut als Kriterium für die individuelle Belastung empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary The relationship between the toluene concentrations in blood and the excretion rates of hippuric acid was investigated in 94 printing-workers occupationally exposed to toluene. Toluene in air and in blood was determined by gaschromatographic analysis, the hippuric acid by spectroscopy. In a control group (n=30) the normal upper limit of the toluene concentration in blood was 15 Μg toluene/100 ml blood. In the occupationally exposed group there was a good correlation between the toluene concentrations in air and in blood. But the excretion rates of hippuric acid had no dependence upon the concentrations of toluene in air or in blood. The levels of phenols in the urine were determined in the same workers and were closely correlated with the excretion of hippuric acid. Therefore supervision of workers exposed simultaneously to benzene and toluene by determination of phenols in the urine seems to be of little value. The determination of toluene in blood is recommended for the supervision of workers exposed to toluene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 43 (1979), S. 63-67 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Toluene ; Benzene ; Cresols ; Phenol ; Urine ; Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A group of printing workers (n = 34) exposed to toluene was examined according to the concentrations of hippuric acid, phenol, o-cresol, and (m+p)-cresol in urine. The average concentration in the air of the workroom was 23 ppm. It is shown that, besides hippuric acid, small amounts $$(\bar x = 1.1{\text{ }}mg/l)$$ of o-cresol. which is not a normal constituent of urine, were formed from toluene. The occurrence of o-cresol could be proved by mass spectrometry. On account of the small amounts of benzene present in industrially used toluene—in this case 0.025%—the average concentration of phenol in urine of the exposed group was significantly higher statistically $$(\bar x = 7.6 \pm {\text{ 4}}{\text{.3 }}mg/l)$$ than in urine from the controls $$(\bar x = 5.3 \pm {\text{ 2}}{\text{.0 }}mg/l; n = 28)$$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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