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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antithymocyte globulin for steroid resistant rejection in renal transplant recipients immunosuppressed with triple therapy (1989)
    Springer
    Transplant international 2 (1989), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Antithymocyte globulin ; Triple therapy in kidney transplantation ; Immunosuppression ; Steroid-resistant rejection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Steroid resistant rejection, confirmed histologically, occurred in 35 of 187 consecutive cadaveric renal transplants treated with triple therapy (cyclosporin, azathioprine and prednisolone) in the Oxford Transplant Unit. Twenty-seven of these were treated with a rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and 19 showed recovery of function. The level of serum creatinine, the renal biopsy appearance and the requirement for dialysis at the start of ATG treatment did not predict which patients would respond to the therapy. One year after transplantation there was no significant difference between the mean plasma creatinine levels of those patients with steroid resistant rejection who had been given ATG and responded (151.6 μmol/l) and those who had responded to steroids alone (165.0 μmol/l). Adverse effects of ATG treatment included a mean fall in white cell count of 62.2% and a mean fall in platelet count of 45.1%. Two of the 27 patients who received ATG died (7.4% mortality). ATG would appear to be an effective treatment of steroid resistant rejection in patients receiving triple therapy immunosuppression, and graft function may subsequently be excellent in those patients who respond to treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02425968
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the convergence of a class of derivative-free minimization algorithms (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 22 (1977), S. 487-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Derivative-free algorithms ; Q-superlinear convergence ; function minimization ; mathematical programming ; numerical methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A convergence analysis is presented for a general class of derivative-free algorithms for minimizing a functionf(x) for which the analytic form of the gradient and the Hessian is impractical to obtain. The class of algorithms accepts finite-difference approximation to the gradient, with stepsizes chosen in such a way that the length of the stepsize must meet two conditions involving the previous stepsize and the distance from the last estimate of the solution to the current estimate. The algorithms also maintain an approximation to the second-derivative matrix and require that the change inx made at each iteration be subject to a bound that is also revised automatically. The convergence theorems have the features that the starting pointx 1 need not be close to the true solution andf(x) need not be convex. Furthermore, despite the fact that the second-derivative approximation may not converge to the true Hessian at the solution, the rate of convergence is still Q-superlinear. The theorry is also shown to be applicable to a modification of Powell's dog-leg algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01268171
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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