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  • Ventilation: PEEP  (1)
  • bioavailability trials  (1)
  • intrasubject variability  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absence of a capnogram after positive end-expiratory pressure (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 9 (1993), S. 78-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: Measurement techniques: Capnography ; Ventilation: PEEP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on capnography.Design. The study design was experimental and open, and it was performed in the Anesthesiology Experimental Research Laboratory.Methods. Six dogs (9.8±0.8 kg) were anesthetized and intubated. The animals' lungs were ventilated with a tidal volume of 137±34 ml and a respiratory frequency of 34±10 breaths/min to produce a Paco 2 of 35 to 45 mm Hg. Application of 20 cm H2O of PEEP was initiated for 1 minute, then repeated twice after 10-minute stabilization periods. Arterial pH and gas tensions were measured, and capnogram, airway gas flow, and airway pressure were recorded continuously. Airway gas flow was electronically integrated to calculate tidal volume.Results. Mean values before application of PEEP were as follows: pHa, 7.37±0.04 mm Hg; Paco 2, 37.1±3.2 mm Hg; PaO2, 93.4±1.6 mm Hg; andPetco 2, 32.0±3.5 mm Hg. Compliance of the ventilator circuit was 3.3 ml/cm H2O. Mean deflation lung-thorax compliance was 41.5±10.3 ml/cm H2O. After application of PEEP, no capnogram was reported for 1 to 6 breaths, an average of 2.7±1.8 breaths.Conclusions. These results demonstrated that absence of gas flow immediately after the application of PEEP may transiently abolish a capnogram when the lung volume increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01616918
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra- and Intersubject Variability: Mixed-Effects Statistical Analysis of Repeated Doses of an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, CGS 16617 (1989)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 6 (1989), S. 328-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: random-effects statistical model ; bioavailability trials ; biological variation ; intersubject variability ; intrasubject variability ; CGS 16617
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The intrasubject and intersubject variabilities for CGS 16617, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, were evaluated in an open-label, repeat single-dose bioavailability trial. Eight healthy male volunteers each received a 20-mg oral dose of CGS 16617 as an aqueous solution on four separate occasions. Components of variance were evaluated for a mixed-effects statistical model in which subjects were regarded as a random factor. While intersubject variability was statistically significant (P 〈 0.05) for all pharmacokinetic variables measured, AUC, C max, t 1/2, and t max, its contribution to the total observed variability was relatively small for AUC, t 1/2 and t max. The proportion of variation due to intrasubject variability was 70, 19, 61, and 72% for AUC, C max, t 1/2, and t max, respectively. Ramifications of the large intrasubject source component of variability as related to bioavailability trials and biological variation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015954609527
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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