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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Gramicidin A on Structure and Dynamics of Lipid Vesicle Bilayers. A Time-Resolved Fluorescence Depolarization Study (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 3092-3101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00009a041
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ludwig Boltzmann and the norbornyl cation (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 6257-6260 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100353a057
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical theory of pulsed relativistic electron beams entering a vacuum (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4613-4617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electron beam with a high-current density, passing from a conductor into a vacuum, generates strong electric fields which significantly influence further propagation of the electrons. An analytical solution for a one-dimensional pulsed electron beam with an arbitrary energy distribution is found which allows one to calculate electric field distributions, electron density distributions and potential distributions in the vacuum region. The analytical solution is fully relativistic and is applicable up to the time at which the interpenetration of electron paths occurs. It may be useful in research with fs lasers relating to generation of relativistic electron beams, ion beams, and the pumping of x-ray lasers. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1403015
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of Ne- and Ni-like x-ray lasers using the prepulse technique (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 479-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recent studies of lasing in Ne- and Ni-like ions on the Asterix IV iodine laser [H. Baumhacker et al. Appl. Phys. B 61, 325 (1995)] using the prepulse technique are reviewed. Experimental evidence shows that beam refraction is the main factor for the lack of lasing in low-Z elements, as well as the J=0−1 vs J=2−1 anomaly in Ne-like ion lasers when there is no prepulse. It is shown that the role of the prepulse in enhancing the J=0−1 lasing line in Ne-like ion is to produce a larger and more homogeneous plasma. The measurement of lasing on the J=0−1, 3p−3s transition in Ne-like Mn, V, Sc, Ca, K, Cl, S, and Si using the prepulse technique is reviewed. Wavelengths of these lasers range from 22 to 87 nm with gain lengths between 7 and 12. The drive energy for S was scaled down to 20 J. The experiment demonstrating the 12 nm lasing on the J=0−1, 4d−4p transition in Ni-like Sn is also reviewed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relativistic electron beams in conducting solids and dense plasmas: Approximate analytical theory (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1441-1444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The response of a conducting medium to an intense electron beam is investigated. For this purpose Maxwell's equations in cylindrical geometry are approximately solved analytically. The approximation is valid if the pulse duration of the beam is intermediate between two characteristic relaxation times of the medium, viz. the momentum relaxation time and the magnetic diffusion time. This condition is well satisfied in present experiments which use picosecond or subpicosecond laser pulses to generate the electron beam. The theory allows one to calculate the spatial and temporal profiles of the return current and the radial current induced in the conductor, as well as that of the azimuthal magnetic field of the combined beam and return currents. This application of the theory is illustrated by way of example. The theory is applicable to a solid conductor as well as to a dense high-temperature plasma and may be useful in research relating to the fast-ignitor scheme and for clarifying features of recent experiments with femtosecond laser pulses. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1350664
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of ECG Indices of Ventricular Repolarization Heterogeneity: A Computer Simulation Study (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 16 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction: Repolarization heterogeneity (RH) is functionally linked to dispersion in refractoriness and to arrhythmogenicity. In the current study, we validate several proposed electrocardiogram (ECG) indices for RH: T-wave amplitude, -area, -complexity, and -symmetry ratio, QT dispersion, and the Tapex-end interval (the latter being an index of transmural dispersion of the repolarization (TDR)). Methods and Results: We used ECGSIM, a mathematical simulation model of ECG genesis in a human thorax, and varied global RH by increasing the standard deviation (SD) of the repolarization instants from 20 (default) to 70 msec in steps of 10 msec. T-wave amplitude, -area, -symmetry, and Tapex-end depended linearly on SD. T-wave amplitude increased from 275 ± 173 to 881 ± 456 μV, T-wave area from 34 × 103± 21 × 103 to 141 × 103± 58 × 103μV msec, T-wave symmetry decreased from 1.55 ± 0.11 to 1.06 ± 0.23, and Tapex-end increased from 84 ± 17 to 171 ± 52 msec. T-wave complexity increased initially but saturated at SD = 50 msec. QT dispersion increased modestly until SD = 40 msec and more rapidly for higher values of SD. TDR increased linearly with SD. Tapex-end increased linearly with TDR, but overestimated it. Conclusion: T-wave complexity did not discriminate between differences in larger RH values. QT dispersion had low sensitivity in the transitional zone between normal and abnormal RH. In conclusion, T-wave amplitude, -area, -symmetry, and, with some limitations, Tapex-end and T-wave complexity reliably reflect changes in RH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2005.40758.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-Term Follow-Up of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with End-Stage Heart Failure (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 16 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been introduced to treat patients with end-stage heart failure, and results of this technique are promising. The aim of our study was to assess the sustained benefit of CRT in a large patient cohort with end-stage heart failure at long-term follow-up. In addition, the prognosis of responders and nonresponders was evaluated. Methods and Results: 125 patients with end-stage heart failure, NYHA class III or IV, LVEF 〈35%, QRS duration 〉120 msec and left bundle branch block morphology received a biventricular device. At baseline and 6 months after implantation the following parameters were evaluated: NYHA class, Minnesota Quality of life score, QRS duration on surface ECG, 6-minute walking distance and LVEF. Follow-up was obtained up to 3 years. After 6 months, patients were divided in clinical responders and nonresponders according to improvement in NYHA class. All clinical parameters improved significantly at 6-month follow-up. Hospitalization for heart failure was 3.8 ± 4.9 days/year before and 0.7 ± 1.6 days/year after CRT. Survival at 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up was 93%, 88%, and 85%, respectively. Responders (78%) showed a significantly better survival than nonresponders at 2- and 3-year follow-up (96% and 93% for responders versus 81% and 73% for nonresponders, P 〈 0.05). Conclusion: The improvement in functional status and symptoms after CRT is maintained at long-term follow-up (up to 3 years). The clinical improvement was associated with a significant reduction in hospitalization rate which was also maintained over the years. Preimplantation selection of responders may result in even better long-term survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2005.40685.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of Recurrent Ventricular Arrhythmia or Death in 300 Consecutive Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Who Experienced Aborted Sudden Death: Data from the Leiden Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Study (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 16 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective: Evaluation of the relation between clinical characteristics and incidence of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) or death during long-term follow-up in a cohort of 300 consecutive ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients who had survived an episode of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Background: Survivors of life-threatening VA are at high risk for recurrent events. Methods: A total of 300 consecutive survivors of SCA with IHD were included in a standardized screening and evaluation protocol. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the relation between clinical variables at baseline and the incidence of recurrent VA, all-cause mortality and the composite of both (composite endpoint). Results: The presenting arrhythmia was VT in 156 (52%) patients and VF in 144 (48%) patients. Revascularization was performed in 78 (26%) patients and an ICD was implanted in 216 (72%) patients. During follow-up (mean 30 ± 21 months) 37 (12%) patients died and 88 (29%) patients experienced a recurrence. Advanced age (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.0; 1.2–3.3), history of heart failure (HR 1.8; 1.2–2.6), and amiodarone use (HR 3.1; 2.1–4.6) were independent predictors for the composite endpoint. VT as presenting arrhythmia was an independent predictor for all-cause mortality only (HR 2.4; 1.2–4.8). A decreased risk of recurrences was determined by beta-blocker use (HR 0.5; 0.4–0.8) and coronary revascularization (HR 0.3; 0.2–0.6). Conclusion: In a cohort of 300 consecutive survivors of SCA the incidence of recurrent VA and death is dependant on patient age, history of heart failure, and use of amiodarone. In contrast, use of beta-blockers and aggressive coronary revascularization improve the outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2005.50006.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship Between QRS Duration and Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Patients with End-Stage Heart Failure (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2XG , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction: Patients with end-stage heart failure and a wide QRS complex are considered candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, 20% to 30% of patients do not respond to CRT. Lack of left ventricular dyssynchrony may explain the nonresponse. Accordingly, we evaluated the presence of left ventricular dyssynchrony using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in 90 consecutive patients with heart failure. Methods and Results: Ninety patients with severe heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction 〈35%, New York Heart Association class III–IV) were prospectively evaluated. Based on QRS duration, 30 consecutive patients with a narrow QRS complex were included (QRS duration ≤120 ms), 30 patients with an intermediate QRS duration (120–150 ms), and 30 patients with a wide QRS complex (〉150 ms). All patients underwent TDI to assess left ventricular dyssynchrony. Extensive left ventricular dyssynchrony was defined as an electromechanical delay on TDI between the septum and lateral wall, the so-called septal-to-lateral delay, of 〉60 ms. Severe dyssynchrony was observed in 27% of patients with narrow QRS complex, 60% with intermediate QRS duration, and 70% with wide QRS complex. No relation existed between QRS duration and septal-to-lateral delay. Conclusion: From 30% to 40% of heart failure patients with QRS duration 〉120 ms do not exhibit left ventricular dyssynchrony, which may explain the nonresponse to CRT. Alternatively, 27% of patients with heart failure and a narrow QRS complex show significant left ventricular dyssynchrony and may be candidates for CRT. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 544-549, May 2004)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.03604.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-Term Follow-Up After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia: A Successful Approach? (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 13 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: RF Catheter Ablation of VT. Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation (RFCA) of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a potential curative treatment modality. We evaluated the results of RFCA in patients with VT. Methods and Results: One hundred fifty-one consecutive patients (122 men and 29 women; age 57 ± 16 years) with drug-refractory VT were treated. Underlying heart disease was ischemic heart disease in 89 (59%), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in 32 (21%), and idiopathic VT in 30 (20%; left ventricle in 9 [30%]; right ventricle in 21 [70%]). Ablation was performed using standard ablation techniques. Three hundred six different VTs were treated (cycle length 334 ± 87 msec, 2.0 ± 1.4 VTs per patient). Procedural success (noninducibility of VT after RFCA) was achieved in 126 (83%) patients (70 ischemic heart disease [79%]; 28 ARVC [88%]; 27 idiopathic VT [93%]). Procedure-related complications (〈 48 hours) occurred in 11 (7%) patients: death 3 (2.0%), cerebrovascular accident 2 (1.3%), complete heart block 4 (2.6%), and pericardial effusion 3 (2.0%). Thirty-three (22%) patients received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (because of hemodynamic unstable VT, failure of the procedure, or aborted sudden death). During follow-up (34 ± 11 months), VT recurrences occurred in 38 (26%) patients (recurrence rate: 19% in successfully ablated patients and 64% in nonsuccessfully ablated patients; P 〈 0.001). During follow-up, 12 (8%) patients died (heart failure 8, unknown cause 1, noncardiac cause 3). Conclusion: RFCA of VT can be performed with a high degree of success (83%). The long-term outcome of successfully ablated patients is promising, with a 75% relative risk reduction compared with nonsuccessfully ablated patients. During follow-up, only one patient died suddenly, supporting a selective ICD placement approach in patients with hemodynamically stable VT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2002.00417.x
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