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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical theory of pulsed relativistic electron beams entering a vacuum (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4613-4617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electron beam with a high-current density, passing from a conductor into a vacuum, generates strong electric fields which significantly influence further propagation of the electrons. An analytical solution for a one-dimensional pulsed electron beam with an arbitrary energy distribution is found which allows one to calculate electric field distributions, electron density distributions and potential distributions in the vacuum region. The analytical solution is fully relativistic and is applicable up to the time at which the interpenetration of electron paths occurs. It may be useful in research with fs lasers relating to generation of relativistic electron beams, ion beams, and the pumping of x-ray lasers. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1403015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relativistic electron beams in conducting solids and dense plasmas: Approximate analytical theory (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1441-1444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The response of a conducting medium to an intense electron beam is investigated. For this purpose Maxwell's equations in cylindrical geometry are approximately solved analytically. The approximation is valid if the pulse duration of the beam is intermediate between two characteristic relaxation times of the medium, viz. the momentum relaxation time and the magnetic diffusion time. This condition is well satisfied in present experiments which use picosecond or subpicosecond laser pulses to generate the electron beam. The theory allows one to calculate the spatial and temporal profiles of the return current and the radial current induced in the conductor, as well as that of the azimuthal magnetic field of the combined beam and return currents. This application of the theory is illustrated by way of example. The theory is applicable to a solid conductor as well as to a dense high-temperature plasma and may be useful in research relating to the fast-ignitor scheme and for clarifying features of recent experiments with femtosecond laser pulses. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1350664
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship Between QRS Duration and Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Patients with End-Stage Heart Failure (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2XG , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction: Patients with end-stage heart failure and a wide QRS complex are considered candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, 20% to 30% of patients do not respond to CRT. Lack of left ventricular dyssynchrony may explain the nonresponse. Accordingly, we evaluated the presence of left ventricular dyssynchrony using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in 90 consecutive patients with heart failure. Methods and Results: Ninety patients with severe heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction 〈35%, New York Heart Association class III–IV) were prospectively evaluated. Based on QRS duration, 30 consecutive patients with a narrow QRS complex were included (QRS duration ≤120 ms), 30 patients with an intermediate QRS duration (120–150 ms), and 30 patients with a wide QRS complex (〉150 ms). All patients underwent TDI to assess left ventricular dyssynchrony. Extensive left ventricular dyssynchrony was defined as an electromechanical delay on TDI between the septum and lateral wall, the so-called septal-to-lateral delay, of 〉60 ms. Severe dyssynchrony was observed in 27% of patients with narrow QRS complex, 60% with intermediate QRS duration, and 70% with wide QRS complex. No relation existed between QRS duration and septal-to-lateral delay. Conclusion: From 30% to 40% of heart failure patients with QRS duration 〉120 ms do not exhibit left ventricular dyssynchrony, which may explain the nonresponse to CRT. Alternatively, 27% of patients with heart failure and a narrow QRS complex show significant left ventricular dyssynchrony and may be candidates for CRT. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 544-549, May 2004)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.03604.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-Term Follow-Up After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia: A Successful Approach? (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 13 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: RF Catheter Ablation of VT. Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation (RFCA) of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a potential curative treatment modality. We evaluated the results of RFCA in patients with VT. Methods and Results: One hundred fifty-one consecutive patients (122 men and 29 women; age 57 ± 16 years) with drug-refractory VT were treated. Underlying heart disease was ischemic heart disease in 89 (59%), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in 32 (21%), and idiopathic VT in 30 (20%; left ventricle in 9 [30%]; right ventricle in 21 [70%]). Ablation was performed using standard ablation techniques. Three hundred six different VTs were treated (cycle length 334 ± 87 msec, 2.0 ± 1.4 VTs per patient). Procedural success (noninducibility of VT after RFCA) was achieved in 126 (83%) patients (70 ischemic heart disease [79%]; 28 ARVC [88%]; 27 idiopathic VT [93%]). Procedure-related complications (〈 48 hours) occurred in 11 (7%) patients: death 3 (2.0%), cerebrovascular accident 2 (1.3%), complete heart block 4 (2.6%), and pericardial effusion 3 (2.0%). Thirty-three (22%) patients received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (because of hemodynamic unstable VT, failure of the procedure, or aborted sudden death). During follow-up (34 ± 11 months), VT recurrences occurred in 38 (26%) patients (recurrence rate: 19% in successfully ablated patients and 64% in nonsuccessfully ablated patients; P 〈 0.001). During follow-up, 12 (8%) patients died (heart failure 8, unknown cause 1, noncardiac cause 3). Conclusion: RFCA of VT can be performed with a high degree of success (83%). The long-term outcome of successfully ablated patients is promising, with a 75% relative risk reduction compared with nonsuccessfully ablated patients. During follow-up, only one patient died suddenly, supporting a selective ICD placement approach in patients with hemodynamically stable VT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2002.00417.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CAM in dermatology: Telling fact from fiction (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 42 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2003.02005.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herbal medicinal products during pregnancy: are they safe? (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 109 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.t01-1-01009.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The usage of complementary therapies by dermatological patients: a systematic review (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Complementary medicine (CM) is more popular than ever before. Dermatology has not remained unaffected by this trend. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize all surveys of dermatological patients regarding the usage of CM. Three independent literature searches were carried out. Data were extracted in a predefined, standardized way and evaluated descriptively. Seven surveys met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Collectively they show a high but variable prevalence of CM. Lifetime prevalence ranged from 35 to 69%. The most frequently used treatment modalities comprise homoeopathy, herbalism and food supplements. With this high level of prevalence, research into the potential risks and benefits of CM is urgently needed. Dermatologists should consider discussing CM openly with their patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03463.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adverse effects of herbal drugs in dermatology (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Herbal treatments are becoming increasingly popular, and are often used for dermatological conditions. Thus dermatologists should know about their potential to cause adverse events. This review is aimed at addressing this area in a semisystematic fashion. Some agents, particularly Chinese herbal creams, have been shown repeatedly to be adulterated with corticosteroids. Virtually all herbal remedies can cause allergic reactions and several can be responsible for photosensitization. Some herbal medicines, in particular Ayurvedic remedies, contain arsenic or mercury that can produce typical skin lesions. Other popular remedies that can cause dermatological side-effects include St John’s Wort, kava, aloe vera, eucalyptus, camphor, henna and yohimbine. Finally, there are some herbal treatments used specifically for dermatological conditions, e.g. Chinese oral herbal remedies for atopic eczema, which have the potential to cause systemic adverse effects. It is concluded that adverse effects of herbal medicines are an important albeit neglected subject in dermatology, which deserves further systematic investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03822.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematic review: hepatotoxic events associated with herbal medicinal products (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Large proportions of patients use herbal medicinal products, and encouraging data in terms of effectiveness exist for some of these. One aspect, however, which is still largely under-investigated is the question of potential harm.Aim : To review the recent evidence on hepatotoxic events associated with the use of herbal medicinal products.Methods : Systematic literature searches were performed on Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Amed and Ciscom. To identify additional data, searches were conducted by hand in relevant medical journals and in our own files. The screening and selection of articles and the extraction of data were performed independently by the two authors. There were no restrictions regarding the language of publication. In order to be included articles were required to report data on hepatotoxic events associated with the therapeutic use of herbal medicinal products.Results : Single medicinal herbs and combination preparations are associated with hepatotoxic events. Clinically, the spectrum ranges from transient elevations of liver enzyme levels to fulminant liver failure and death. In most instances hepatotoxic herbal constituents are believed to be the cause, while others may be due to herb–drug interactions, contamination and/or adulteration.Conclusions : A number of herbal medicinal products are associated with serious hepatotoxic events. Incidence figures are largely unknown, and in most cases a causal attribution is not established. The challenge for the future is to systematically research this area, educate all parties involved, and minimize patient risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01689.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Green tea and gastrointestinal cancer risk (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world. Therefore, numerous efforts are being made to find chemoprotective substances able to reduce its incidence. Amongst these, green tea, one of the most popular beverages world-wide, has been reported to provide protective effects against gastrointestinal cancer.Aim : To critically evaluate all epidemiological studies reporting an association between green tea consumption and a reduced risk of gastrointestinal cancer.Methods : Epidemiological studies of green tea consumption in relation to gastrointestinal cancer or preneoplastic lesions were identified through computerized literature searches using the following databases: Medline (Pubmed), Embase, Amed, CISCOM, Phytobase and Cochrane Library. Only epidemiological studies indicating the type of tea (green tea) and the site of either cancer or precancerous lesions (stomach or intestine) were included. No language restrictions were imposed.Results : Twenty-one epidemiological investigations met our inclusion/exclusion criteria.Conclusion : These studies seemed to suggest a protective effect of green tea on adenomatous polyps and chronic atrophic gastritis formations. By contrast, there was no clear epidemiological evidence to support the suggestion that green tea plays a role in the prevention of stomach and intestinal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01884.x
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