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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of inhaled nicotine on instrumental learning of blood pressure responses (1992)
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 17 (1992), S. 107-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Keywords: biofeedback ; blood pressure ; nicotine ; slow cortical potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study investigated the effects of biofeedback of arterial blood pressure on cortical, peripheral, and psychological measures and the dependence of these effects on nicotine. Four groups of subjects, nonsmokers, and habitual smokers who smoked cigarettes during the experimental sessions containing 0.3, 0.8, or 1.5 mg nicotine, respectively, participated in a feedback paradigm in which continuous feedback of mean blood pressure was provided for intervals of 8 s each. While tonic blood pressure did not differ between the groups, the ability to modulate blood pressure (under feedback conditions) was restricted in smokers as compared to nonsmoking subjects; increasing nicotine dosage was accompanied by poorer performance. Independently of habitual smoking and nicotine doses, heart rate increased during feedback and under conditions of blood pressure increase. In smokers, activity in the alpha band was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Slow cortical potentials (SCPs) during the feedback interval varied with self-induced blood pressure changes in nonsmokers (blood pressure increase was accompanied by reduced surface-negative potential shifts and vice versa), while SCP variations during feedback conditions were small in smokers, more so under the influence of 0.3 and 0.8-mg nicotine, less so under 1.5 mg. Verbal reports suggest that awareness of performance strategies may not be a necessary variable for performance on the blood pressure regulation task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01000102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow cortical potential biofeedback and the startle reflex (1994)
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 19 (1994), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Keywords: biofeedback ; slow cortical potentials ; threshold regulation of EEG ; startle probe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The negativity of slow cortical potentials (SCP) of the surface EEG is a measure of brain excitability, correlating with motor and cognitive preparation. Selfcontrol of SCP positivity has been shown to reduce seizure activity. Following SCP biofeedback from a central EEG electrode position, subjects gained bidirectional control over their SCP. The current study used a modified feedback methodology, and found a positive relationship between negativity and magnitude of EMG startle response (a measure of cortical and subcortical arousal, particularly aversive response disposition). Greater success in SCP differentiation was associated with self-report of less relaxation during negativity training.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01720666
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in psychiatric patients: Alcohol dependency (1993)
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 18 (1993), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Keywords: slow cortical potentials ; alcohol dependency ; biofeedback ; instrumental learning ; CNV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten unmedicated alcohol-dependent male inpatients participated in a Slow Cortical Potential (SCP) self-regulation task utilizing biofeedback and instrumental conditioning. These patients were hospitalized for treatment of alcohol dependency after chronic abuse of alcoholic beverages. Somatic withdrawal symptomatology had occurred recently and the patients were free of any withdrawal symptoms of the autonomic nervous system. Immediately after hospitalization patients were unable to control their SCPs without the reinforcement of immediate feedback across 4 sessions. Seven patients participated in a fifth session an average of 4 months later. Six out of these 7 patients had not had a relapse at the follow-up. In the fifth session these patients were immediately able to differentiate between the required negativity and negativity suppression, whereas the seventh patient, who had relapsed, was unable to control his brain potentials successfully. Results are further evidence that some of the frontocortical dysfunctions in alcohol-dependent patients are reversible. This could covary with a morphological restitution of the cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00999511
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in psychiatric patients: Depression (1992)
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 17 (1992), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Keywords: slow cortical potentials ; depression ; biofeedback ; instrumental learning ; CNV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Findings on depressive patients indicate that depressives have electrophysiological characteristics similar to those of schizophrenics, in that they exhibit reduced Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) amplitudes and more distinct Postimperative Negative Variations (PINVs) than normal controls. In a biofeedback experiment, 8 medicated male inpatients with the DSM III-R diagnosis of “Bipolar Disorder, Depressive,” and “Major Depression” demonstrated no impairment in the self-regulation of Slow Cortical Potentials (SCP) in comparison to schizophrenics in terms of increasing and suppressing negativity. Continuous visual SCP feedback is presented to the patient as a horizontally moving rocket in a video game format. The direction changes of the rocket represented SCP changes at each point in time, recorded by the central EEG (based on the pretrial baseline). Depressives demonstrated SCP self-regulation across 20 sessions, although with many between-and-within variations. The 8 male controls were unable to regulate their SCPs across 5 sessions. This result contradicts other findings of our laboratory on normal controls. Motivational factors and insufficient operant reinforcement (financial reward) may have facilitated this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01000403
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials in psychiatric patients: Schizophrenia (1992)
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 17 (1992), S. 277-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Keywords: Slow cortical potentials ; schizophrenia ; biofeedback ; instrumental learning ; CNV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Slow cortical potentials (SCPs) are considered to reflect the regulation of attention resources and cortical excitability in cortical neuronal networks. Impaired attentional functioning, as found in patients with schizophrenic disorders, may covary with impaired SCP regulation. This hypothesis was tested using a self-regulation paradigm. Twelve medicated male schizophrenic inpatients and 12 healthy male controls received continuous feedback of their SCPs, during intervals of 8 s each, by means of a visual stimulus (a stylized rocket) moving horizontally across a TV screen. The position of the feedback stimulus was a linear function of the integrated SCP at each point in time during the feedback interval. Subjects were required to increase or reduce negative SCPs (referred to pretrial baseline) depending on the presentation of a discriminative stimulus. The correct response was indicated by the amount of forward movement of the feedback stimulus and by monetary rewards. Schizophrenics participated in 20 sessions (each comprising 110 trials), while controls participated in 5 sessions. Compared with the healthy controls, schizophrenics showed no significant differentiation between negativity increase and negativity suppression during the first sessions. However, in the last 3 sessions, patients achieved differentiation similar to controls, demonstrating the acquisition of SCP control after extensive training.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01000051
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applied Psychophysiology and Learned Physiological Regulation (1999)
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 24 (1999), S. 35-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Keywords: applied psychophysiology ; biofeedback ; basic human research ; animal research
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This commentary emphasizes the importance of including animal research and basic human research, contrasts the present state of affairs for biofeedback in the United States versus Europe, and proposes an alternative, more expanded definition of applied psychophysiology, which includes research, diagnostics, and education, as well as interventions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022838829332
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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