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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of discriminant function concerning postoperative local recurrence or distant metastasis in 589 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (1993)
    Springer
    Surgery today 23 (1993), S. 777-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: differentiated thyroid cancer ; discriminant analysis ; discriminant function ; local recurrence ; distant metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract For the purpose of predicting postoperative local recurrence and/or distant metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer, a discriminant analysis was done. To assess the reliability of this method and the induced function, simulation was done by using random samples under various conditions. Simulation revealed that the results obtained by this method were relatively stable. The discriminant functions Z1 and Z2 were induced, which are required at many hospitals. If the ratio of recurrence is less than 1:8 in a hospital, function Z1 should be applied. If the ratio is 1:10, function Z2 should be applied. Z1=−(sex×2.104)+(age×0.032) −(diameter of tumor×0.033) −(site of tumor×0.871)−(histology×0.393) +0.249 (discriminant boundary 0.451) Z2=−(sex×1.967)+(age×0.018)+(diameter of tumor ×0.025)−(site of tumor×0.646) +(histology×0.014)−(local invasion×0.840) −(lymph node metastasis×0.009) +(operation×0.364) −(lymph node dissection×0.235) +1.058 (discriminant boundary 0.400) In an internal check, sensitivity was 78%, specificity 64%, and false-negative rate 5%. In an external check, sensitivity was 68%, specificity 93%, and false-negative rate 9%. In the actual application to hospitals, sensitivity was 58% to 100%, specificity 47% to 63%, and false-negative rate 0% to 16%. In clinical usage, a high sensitivity and low false-negative rate are required. These results fulfilled this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311619
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging with precise histopathological map concerning carcinoma extension in the breast (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 60 (2000), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; carcinoma extension ; ductal carcinoma in situ ; histological mapping ; 3D MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was initiated to clarify the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in defining breast carcinoma extension by comparing MRI to detailed histopathological analysis. Mastectomy (n=14) or quadrantectomy (n=44) specimens were sub-serially sectioned and mapped in detail in 58 breast cancer patients. Morphologically, we classified the lesions utilizing MRI into three patterns in relation to their histology. Numerically, we assessed the maximum distance of carcinoma extension using MRI, mammography, and ultrasonography (US). Linear regression was calculated for each of the three imaging measurements versus histopathological measurements. Three imaging patterns were observed by MRI, (1) localized (n=30), (2) segmentally extended (n=19), and (3) irregularly extended (n=5). The localized pattern showed a distinct focal mass, but in 10 cases, microscopic ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), or invasive lobular carcinoma, which were not depicted by MRI, existed. The segmentally extended pattern showed diffuse enhancement along duct–lobular segments, forming a ‘cone’ shape. Histologically, pure (n=4) or predominant (n=10) DCIS was distributed segmentally. The irregularly extended pattern showed thick branches extending out from the index tumor which were histologically revealed to be stromal invasion of ductal carcinoma. From the results of linear regressions, MRI was the most accurate modality in histologically measuring the extent of the cancer. When cases were limited to patients who were classified into segmentally or irregularly extended pattern by MRI (n=24), MRI was more accurate than mammography and US, even if they were combined (P〈0.05). MRI may provide additional information concerning carcinoma extension prior to surgery, especially in patients classified into ‘extended patterns’ by MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006342711426
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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