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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phloretin as an Antagonist of Prostaglandin F2α Receptor in Cultured Rat Astrocytes (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 60 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of phloretin on prostaglandin (PG) F2α-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration was examined in cultured rat astrocytes. Phloretin inhibited PGF2α (1 μM)-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 16 μM. The inhibitory action of phloretin was specific for PGs. The addition of increasing concentrations of phloretin caused progressive shifts of the dose-response curves of PGF2α to the right. In digitoninpermeabilized astrocytes, phloretin (100 μM) inhibited the stimulation induced by PGF2α (1 μM) plus GTPγS (50 μM) without affecting that induced by GTPγS alone. PGF2α at 1 μM transiently increased astrocytic intracellular Ca2+ concentration in 39% of the cells tested. The response was completely blocked by 100 μM phloretin and the calcium response recovered again after washing out phloretin. These results suggest that phloretin is an antagonist of PGF2α receptor linked to phospholipase C in astrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03204.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase in Chloride-Dependent l-Glutamate Transport Activity in Synaptic Membrane After In Vitro Ischemic Treatment (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of energy failure on Cl−-dependent l-glutamate (l-Glu) transport was examined with an in vitro preparation. Rat brain slices were incubated in low oxygen and glucose-deprived medium (in vitro ischemia), and a synaptic membrane fraction was prepared from the slices. Cl−-dependent l-[3H]Glu uptake into vesicles increased about twofold after 20 min of in vitro ischemia. The increased l-[3H]Glu uptake was inhibited by l-Glu, dl-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate, l-homocysteic acid, l-cystine, 4,4′-diisothiocyano-2,2′-disulfonic stilbene, and removal of Cl−. Uptakes of Na+-dependent l-[3H]-Glu, [3H]GABA, and [3H]taurine were not changed by the in vitro ischemia. In vitro ischemia increased the Vmax value without affecting the Km value. The increased l-[3H]Glu uptake by in vitro ischemia was reduced by subsequent incubation in a normoxic glucose-containing solution. ATP content in brain slices decreased to 〈10% of control values by in vitro ischemia for 10 min. The decrease in ATP content was restored by subsequent incubation in normoxic glucose-containing solution. Treatment with veratrine, 2,4-dinitrophenol, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and NaCN in normoxic conditions increased l-[3H]Glu uptake with a concomitant decrease in ATP content in slices. These results suggest that Cl−-dependent l-Glu transport activity in synaptic membranes increases in ischemia- or hypoxia-induced brain energy failures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65041798.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature cycles drive Drosophila circadian oscillation in constant light that otherwise induces behavioural arrhythmicity (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, shows a clear circadian locomotor rhythm in light cycles and constant darkness. Although the rhythm disappears in constant light, we found that temperature cycles drive the circadian rhythm both in locomotor activity and molecular abundance of PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM). The thermoperiodically induced locomotor rhythm entailed an anticipatory activity at the late thermophase, which required several transient cycles to establish a steady-state entrainment, suggesting that the rhythm is endogenous and driven by a circadian clock. Western blot analysis revealed that PER and TIM increased during the cryophase, peaking at the middle to late cryophase. PER was also cyclically expressed under the temperature cycle in the known per-expressing neurons, i.e. so-called lateral (LNs) and dorsal neurons (DNs), and two pairs of cells (LPNs) that were located in the lateral posterior protocerebrum. It is thus suggested that the temperature cycle induces the cycling of PER and TIM either by blocking somewhere in the photic entrainment pathway during the cryophase or temporally activating their translation to sufficient protein levels to drive a circadian oscillation. In flies lacking pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) or PDF-expressing cells, the anticipatory activity was relatively dispersed. disco2 mutant flies lacking the lateral neurons still showed an anticipatory activity, but with dispersed activity. These behavioural results suggest that not only LNs but also DNs and LPNs can, at least, partially participate in regulating the thermoperiodically induced rhythm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04295.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging with precise histopathological map concerning carcinoma extension in the breast (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 60 (2000), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; carcinoma extension ; ductal carcinoma in situ ; histological mapping ; 3D MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was initiated to clarify the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in defining breast carcinoma extension by comparing MRI to detailed histopathological analysis. Mastectomy (n=14) or quadrantectomy (n=44) specimens were sub-serially sectioned and mapped in detail in 58 breast cancer patients. Morphologically, we classified the lesions utilizing MRI into three patterns in relation to their histology. Numerically, we assessed the maximum distance of carcinoma extension using MRI, mammography, and ultrasonography (US). Linear regression was calculated for each of the three imaging measurements versus histopathological measurements. Three imaging patterns were observed by MRI, (1) localized (n=30), (2) segmentally extended (n=19), and (3) irregularly extended (n=5). The localized pattern showed a distinct focal mass, but in 10 cases, microscopic ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), or invasive lobular carcinoma, which were not depicted by MRI, existed. The segmentally extended pattern showed diffuse enhancement along duct–lobular segments, forming a ‘cone’ shape. Histologically, pure (n=4) or predominant (n=10) DCIS was distributed segmentally. The irregularly extended pattern showed thick branches extending out from the index tumor which were histologically revealed to be stromal invasion of ductal carcinoma. From the results of linear regressions, MRI was the most accurate modality in histologically measuring the extent of the cancer. When cases were limited to patients who were classified into segmentally or irregularly extended pattern by MRI (n=24), MRI was more accurate than mammography and US, even if they were combined (P〈0.05). MRI may provide additional information concerning carcinoma extension prior to surgery, especially in patients classified into ‘extended patterns’ by MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006342711426
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