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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II study of echinomycin in patients with advanced breast cancer: A report of cancer and leukemia group B protocol 8641 (1991)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 9 (1991), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: echinomycin ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-five women with advanced histologically documented stage IV recurrent or inoperable breast cancer were enrolled on a phase II study of echinomycin administered at a dose of 1.2 mg/m2 intravenously over 30 minutes weekly for 4 weeks followed by a two week rest period. Seventy-six percent of patients had visceral dominant disease at study entry and all patients had previously received chemotherapy. One of 21 eligible patients had a partial response lasting 147 days. The median survival for this group of patients was 5.9 months and the median time to treatment failure was 1.7 months. Nausea and vomiting was the primary toxic effect and was severe or life-threatening in 43% of patients. Transient elevation of liver enzymes occurred in 30% of patients. Bone marrow suppression was not significant. Echinomycin as employed in this study did not demonstrate significant antitumor activity in previously treated patients with advanced breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176982
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High dose toremifene for estrogen and progesterone receptor negative metastatic breast cancer: A phase II trial of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) (1995)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 36 (1995), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: anti-estrogens ; toremifene ; hormonal therapy ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In pre-clinical and limited clinical studies, high doses (≥ 200 mg/day) of the triphenylethylene derivative toremifene showed activity in estrogen receptor (ER) negative and ER-unknown metastatic breast cancer after progression on tamoxifen, and a mechanism of action independent of hormone receptor binding was speculated. The CALGB conducted a Phase II trial (CALGB 8945) to test the efficacy of high dose toremifene in a population of patients who had hormone receptor-negative, metastatic breast cancer with limited prior chemotherapy exposure, good performance status, and measurable disease. Twenty eligible patients received toremifene at a dose of 400 mg/day orally for 8 weeks. Toxicity was minimal. Nausea was reported by 20% of the patients, lightheadedness by 20%, weight loss by 20%, and hot flashes by 15%. There was no grade 3–4 toxicity. No objective responses were observed, and 5 of 6 patients with stable disease at 8 weeks developed progressive disease at 11 to 33 weeks. High dose toremifene (400 mg/day) is well-tolerated but imparts no detectable activity in hormone receptor-negative, metastatic breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690182
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitoxantrone use in breast cancer patients with elevated bilirubin (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: mitoxantrone ; liver dysfunction ; breast cancer ; performance status ; bilirubin elevation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the safety and efficacy of mitoxantrone use in hyperbilirubinemic breast cancer patients, a prospectively determined dosage schedule was evaluated in a multi-center trial. Pretreatment bilirubin prospectively defined three groups: Controls (with normal bilirubin) and two Study groups (with either moderate or severe bilirubin increase). Bilirubin determined initial mitoxantrone dose as well: bilirubin 〈 3.5 mg/dl, 14 mg/m2; and bilirubin ≥ 3.5 mg/dl, 8 mg/m2. Mitoxantrone at 14 mg/m2 was well tolerated in patients with moderate hepatic dysfunction. Patients with severe hepatic dysfunction demonstrated a mixed toxicity picture, with performance status (ECOG level 3) defining a population with limiting myelosuppression and/or early death. The survival of Study patients with severe hepatic dysfunction (median 17 days) was significantly worse than both Control (p 〈 0.01) and Study (p 〈 0.05) patients with lower bilirubin. Entry performance status (ECOG level 0–2 versus level 3) profoundly influenced survival (median survival 222 days versus 25 days, respectively, p 〈 0.0001). Objective responses were seen in patients with both normal and elevated bilirubin. Bilirubin reduction following mitoxantrone commonly occurred, representing at least an indicator of favorable prognosis. Recommendations for mitoxantrone use include: 1. Patients with moderate bilirubinemia tolerate 14 mg/m2 mitoxantrone with reasonable chance for benefit. 2. Patients with severe hepatic dysfunction and poor performance status should not be given mitoxantrone. A definitive recommendation regarding use of reduced 8 mg/m2 mitoxantrone in patients with severe hyperbilirubinemia and favorable performance status requires further study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806298
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carotenoids, retinol, and vitamin E and risk of proliferative benign breast disease and breast cancer (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 3 (1992), S. 503-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: α-carotene ; α-tocopherol ; benign breast disease ; β-carotene ; breast cancer ; dietary intake ; γ-tocopherol ; lycopene ; serum ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the relationship between serum levels of retinol, β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol as well as intakes of retinol, carotene, and vitamin E and the risks of breast cancer and proliferative benign breast disease (BBD) in a case-control study of postmenopausal women in the Boston, MA (United States) area. Serum nutrient data were available for 377 women with newly diagnosed stage I or II breast cancer and 173 women with proliferative BBD. Controls were 403 women who were evaluated at the same institutions but did not require a breast biopsy or whose biopsy revealed nonproliferative BBD. We observed no significant associations between serum levels of these micronutrients and risk of proliferative BBD or breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer was decreased among women in the highest quintile of intake of vitamin E from food sources only (odds ratio [OR] for the highest quintile = 0.4,95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.2–0.9; P, trend across quintiles = 0.02) but less so for total vitamin E intake including supplements (OR=0.7, CI=0.4–1.3; P, trend = 0.07).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052746
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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