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  • factor analysis  (1)
  • lead  (1)
  • lithology  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The epidemiology of dental caries in relation to environmental trace elements (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Apatite ; caries ; enamel ; fluorine ; lead ; molybdenum ; selenium ; trace metals ; vegetables ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper reviews the influence of the geochemical environment on the epidemiology of human dental caries. The best documented association is that between water borne fluoride and reduced caries prevalence. The influence of fluoride was first reported during the early decades of this century in Colorado, USA, and led to the fluoridation of some public water supplies in several countries. In all cases, fluoridation has been followed by significant improvements in dental health and no adverse effects in general health. Other trace elements in food and water have now been linked with dental caries. Molybdenum has been associated with reduced caries prevalence whereas selenium and lead appear to have adverse effects. Cavity formation in teeth probably involves a localised dissolution of the enamel surface by the products of bacterial activity. It is possible that the incorporation of trace metals into the apatite microcrystals of enamel may alter their physical properties, especially solubility, and hence their susceptibility to degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940359
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal contaminated soils in an old industrial area of Wales, Great Britain: Source identification through statistical data interpretation (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 94 (1997), S. 85-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: soil ; pollution ; heavy metals ; smelters ; factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A combined statistical and computergraphic approach is proposed for apportionment and attribution of soil contaminants in complex areas. The field test site lies north of Swansea, south Wales and contains two major pollutant sources, an active nickel refiner and (4 km away) the site of major base metal smelting in the nineteenth century (the Lower Swansea Valley reclamation study area). Soil samples (70 samples, 0–15 cm) were collected on a regular grid of 1000 m interval. They were extracted using 0.05 M diammonium EDTA and the extracts analysed for Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Soil pH and %organic content were also determined. Factor analysis yielded three groups which explained 73.8% of the data variance (1: Cd, Cu, %OM, Pb, Zn, Ni; 2: Cd, Zn, Mn, pH; 3: Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe). Isoline plots were classifiable into the same three groups. It was concluded that factor 3 contained those elements associated with smelter emissions, factor 1 with contamination from the Lower Swansea Valley and in factor 2 pedogenetic processes control the occurrence of the elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407095
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aqua regia extractable trace elements in surface soils of venezuela (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental geochemistry and health 21 (1999), S. 227-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2983
    Keywords: land use ; lithology ; sampling ; trace metals ; tropical soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Surface soils (0–15 cm) were sampled at 10–20 km intervals along two transects in Venezuela. One (1162 km, 70 samples) ran west to east parallel with the Caribbean coastline, the other (920 km, 92 samples) ran south to north from the frontier with Brazil to the Caribbean shore. Sampling took place in both a wet and a dry season. Trace metals were extracted from dried, sieved (〈2 mm) soil with boiling aqua regia followed by analysis by ICP or flame AAS. Metal values did not differ significantly between the two seasons and dates were averaged. Geometric mean values for the west–east transect were: Cr = 41.5, Cu 17.9, Cs 3.6, Li = 13.9, Mn = 294, Ni = 21.3, Pb = 17.4, Sr = 39.4, V = 60.4 and Zn = 83.7 μg g−1, respectively. Similarly, for the south–north transect Cr = 21.3, Cu = 4.3, Cs = 1.1, Li = 2.0, Mn = 55.7, Ni = 4.4, Pb = 6.1, Sr = 13.3, V = 28.2 and Zn = 16.7 μg g−1, respectively. A classification of samples by lithology showed surface soil composition to be related to rock composition. Metal values were low in the soils in the south of the country, in the Guyana highlands (Gran Sabana). Low Zn contents were prevalent. Lead contents were affected by roadside fallout from vehicles using leaded petrol except that high Pb contents of soils in the Gran Sabana were of more complex origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006670415312
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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