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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Exercise-induced oxyhemoglobin desaturation and pulmonary diffusing capacity during high-intensity exercise (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 75 (1997), S. 425-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Key words High-intensity exercise  ;  pulmonary diffusing capacity  ;  Oxyhemoglobin saturation  ;  Athletes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to examine if exercise-induced arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation selectively observed in highly trained endurance athletes could be related to differences in the pulmonary diffusing capacity (D L) measured during exercise. The D L of 24 male endurance athletes was measured using a 3-s breath-hold carbon monoxide procedure (to give D LCO) at rest as well as during cycling at 60% and 90% of these previously determined ${\dot V}$ O2max. Oxyhemoglobin saturation (S aO2%) was monitored throughout both exercise protocols using an Ohmeda Biox II oximeter. Exercise-induced oxyhemoglobin desaturation (DS) (S aO2% 〈 91% at ${\dot V}$ O2max) was observed in 13 subjects [88.2 (0.6)%] but not in the other 11 nondesaturation subjects [NDS: 92.9 (0.4)%] (P ≤ 0.05), although ${\dot V}$ O2max was not significantly different between the groups [DS: 4.34 (0.65) l / min vs NDS: 4.1 (0.49) l / min]. At rest, no differences in either D LCO [m1 CO · mmHg−1 · min−1: 41.7 (1.7) (DS) vs 41.1 (1.8) (NDS)], D LCO / ${\dot V}$ A [8.2 (0.4) (DS) vs 7.3 (0.9) (NDS)], MVV [l / min: 196.0 (10.4) (DS) vs 182.0 (9.9) (NDS)] or FEV1/FVC [86.3 (2.2) (DS) vs 82.9 (4.7) (NDS)] were found between groups (P ≥ 0.05). However, ${\dot V}$ E / ${\dot V}$ O2 at ${\dot V}$ O2max was lower in the DS group [33.0 (1.1)] compared to the NDS group [36.8 (1.5)] (P ≤ 0.05). Exercise D LCO (m1 CO · mmHg−1 · min−1 ) was not different between groups at either 60% ${\dot V}$ O2max [DS: 55.1 (1.4) vs NDS: 57.2 (2.1)] or at 90% ${\dot V}$ O2max [DS: 61.0 (1.8) vs NDS: 61.4 (2.9)]. A significant relationship (r = 0.698) was calculated to occur between S aO2% and ${\dot V}$ E / ${\dot V}$ O2 during maximal exercise. The present findings indicate that the exercise-induced oxyhemoglobin desaturation seen during submaximal and near-maximal exercise is not related to differences in D L, although during maximal exercise S aO2 may be limited by a relatively lower exercise ventilation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050183
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GIBSI – An integrated modelling system prototype for river basin management (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 422-423 (2000), S. 465-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): integrated modelling system ; river basin management ; hydrology ; soil erosion ; agricultural-chemical transport ; water quality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper introduces GIBSI, an integrated modelling system prototype designed to assist decision makers in their assessment of various river basin management scenarios in terms of standard water physical and chemical parameters and standards for various uses of the water. GIBSI runs on a personal computer and provides a user-friendly framework to examine the impacts of agricultural, industrial, and municipal management scenarios on water quality and yield. A database (including spatial and attribute data) and physically-based hydrological, soil erosion, agricultural-chemical transport and water quality models comprise the basic components of the system. A geographical information system and a relational database management system are also included for data management and system maintenance. This paper illustrates potential uses of GIBSI by presenting two sample applications applied to a 6680 km2 complex river basin (63.2% forest, 17.2% agricultural land, 15.3% bush, 3.1% urban development and 1.2% surface water; population: 180 000) located in Québec, Canada: (i) a timber harvest scenario and (ii) a municipal clean water program scenario. Simulation results of the timber harvest scenario showed how clear-cut activities could lead to earlier and larger spring runoff than in the investigated reference state. Results of the municipal clean water scenario revealed that substantial reduction in coliform counts and total phosphorus could be made by constructing and operating wastewater treatment plants. These applications provide a framework of how GIBSI can be used as a decision support system and ultimately as a means of incorporating sound science into political decisions involving river basin management.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017030618572
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