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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case-control study of maternal risk factors for thyroid cancer in young women (California, United States) (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 6 (1995), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Family history ; females ; miscarriage ; smoking ; thyroid cancer ; thyroid hyperplasia ; United States ; weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A population-based case-control interview study investigated whether reproductive factors are related to the striking female-over-male excess of thyroid cancer among women of reproductive age in Los Angeles County, CA (United States). As a separate component of that study, mothers of 153 cases and 140 controls who were age 40 or younger at diagnosis or reference date were interviewed by telephone to determine the significance of family and maternal risk factors in the subsequent development of thyroid cancer among the daughters. More case than control mothers experienced miscarriage prior to the index pregnancy (odds ratio [OR]=2.0, 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.1–3.5). Increased risk was associated with family history of thyroid cancer or other thyroid disease (OR=2.1, CI=1.2–3.6). More control than case mothers smoked during the index pregnancy (OR=0.6, CI=0.4–1.0); however, among mothers who smoked, case mothers smoked more. Case mothers experienced a greater increase in weight from minimum adult weight to weight at index pregnancy (P for trend = 0.01). Reports from mothers also confirmed the risk associated with the daughter's exposure to ionizing radiation from birth through adolescence; ionizing radiation remains the best-established risk factor for thyroid cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052178
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pooled analysis of case–control studies of thyroid cancer. IV. Benign thyroid diseases (1999)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 10 (1999), S. 583-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: goiter ; hyperthyroidism ; hypothyroidism ; thyroid adenoma ; thyroid cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To obtain more precise estimates of the association between thyroid cancer and benign thyroid diseases and to elucidate the role of potential confounders or effect modifiers. Methods: The original data from 12 case–control studies from the United States, Asia, and Europe were pooled. Based on 2094 women and 425 men with cancer of the thyroid and, respectively, 3248 and 928 control subjects, odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained by conditional regression models, conditioning on study and age at diagnosis, and adjusting for age and radiotherapy. Results: A history of hypothyroidism was not associated with cancer risk (pooled ORs = 0.9, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.7–1.3 in women and 1.7, 95% CI: 0.3–11.7 in men). ORs for hyperthyroidism were 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0–2.1) in women and 3.1 (95% CI: 1.0–9.8) in men. In women, however, risk was lower in the absence of or after allowance for history of goiter. Pooled ORs for a history of goiter were 5.9 (95% CI: 4.2–8.1) in women and 38.3 (95% CI: 5.0–291.2) in men. Risk for a history of benign nodules/adenomas was especially high (OR = 29.9, 95% CI: 14.5–62.0, in women; 18 cases versus 0 controls in men). The excess risk for goiter and benign nodules/adenomas was greatest within 2–4 years prior to thyroid cancer diagnosis, but an elevated OR was present 10 years or more before cancer. Conclusions: Goiter and benign nodules/adenomas are the strongest risk factors for thyroid cancer, apart from radiation in childhood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008907227706
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Descriptive epidemiology of thyroid cancer in Los Angeles County, 1972–1995 (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: diet ; Filipinos ; follicular ; incidence ; occupation ; papillary ; secular trend ; thyroid cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To examine the descriptive epidemiologic features of incident thyroid cancers diagnosed among Los Angeles County residents between 1972 and 1995. Methods: The Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Cancer Surveillance Program (CSP) collected data on 8820 newly diagnosed thyroid cancer of cases occurring in Los Angeles County. Average annual age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated to study the epidemiology of each of the major histologic types of thyroid carcinoma. Results: For all races combined, the age-adjusted incidence rates were 2.5 per 100,000 males and 6.0 per 100,000 females. Differences in incidence by ethnicity were particularly striking, with Filipinos demonstrating the highest incidence rates (4.44 per 100,000 males, 11.3 per 100,000 females). Over the 23-year period, thyroid cancer incidence rates increased 1.5% per year for males and 1% per year for females. By histology, papillary carcinoma rates increased over time and follicular carcinoma rates decreased. Non-Spanish surnamed white men employed in certain white-collar occupations and radiologic technicians were at greater risk of thyroid cancer. Conclusions: Additional research on the epidemiologic risk factors for thyroid cancer, particularly for gender and ethnicity, is needed to explain the marked elevated incidence rates among females and the Filipino population in Los Angeles County.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008932123830
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case-control study of thyroid cancer in women under age 55 in Shanghai (People's Republic of China) (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 431-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Family history ; goiter ; miscarriage ; oral contraceptives ; P.R. China, pregnancy ; seafood ; thyroid cancer ; thyroid nodules ; weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A population-based interview study of 207 case-control pairs investigated reproductive, dietary, and other factors thought likely to increase thyroid cancer risk among women of reproductive age in Shanghai. Of particular interest were factors that might help explain the striking female over male excess in this age group. Risk was strongly associated with prior goiter or benign nodules (odds ratio [OR]=7.0, 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=2.5–27.5) and miscarriage as outcome of first pregnancy (OR=9.9, CI=2.0–48.4). Weaker associations were seen for women who were ever-pregnant (OR=2.1, CI=1.1–4.2), ever had an induced abortion (OR=1.6, CI=0.9–2.9), and ever used oral contraceptives (OR=1.7, CI=1.0–3.1). Compared with controls, cases gained significantly more weight from menarche to highest nonpregnant weight (P trend 〈0.01). Overall, cases ate more fish and shellfish, but there was no trend with level of consumption. More cases had a parent, sibling, or child with thyroid disease (OR=5.2, CI=2.5–12.1). Our findings relating to goiter and benign nodules and various reproductive factors support earlier studies. Consumption of seafood was difficult to evaluate; more detailed dietary data are needed to assess iodine intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00050862
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pooled analysis of thyroid cancer studies. V. Anthropometric factors (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 11 (2000), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: body mass index ; case–control studies ; height ; risk ; thyroid cancer ; weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To assess the relation between anthropometric factors and thyroid cancer risk in a pooled analysis of individual data from 12 case–control studies conducted in the US, Japan, China and Europe. Methods: 2056 female and 417 male cases, 3358 female and 965 male controls were considered. Odds ratios (OR) were derived from logistic regression, conditioning on age, A-bomb exposure (Japan) and study, and adjusting for radiotherapy. Results: Compared to the lowest tertile of height, the pooled OR was 1.2 for females for the highest one, and 1.5 for males, and trends in risk were significant. With reference to weight at diagnosis, the OR for females was 1.2 for the highest tertile, and the trend in risk was significant, whereas no association was observed in males. Body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis was directly related to thyroid cancer risk in females (OR = 1.2 for the highest tertile), but not in males. No consistent pattern of risk emerged with BMI during the late teens. Most of the associations were observed both for papillary and follicular cancers, and in all age groups. However, significant heterogeneity was observed across studies. Conclusions: Height and weight at diagnosis are moderately related to thyroid cancer risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008938520101
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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