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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 53 (1966), S. 137-138 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 229 (1971), S. 55-56 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Early olfactory stimulation influences social behaviour in altricial mammals. Marr and Gardner6 sprayed pups of laboratory rats with cologne and found that they later preferred cologne-smelling rats, while pups treated with methyl-salicylate became socially anosmic as adults. Mainardi et al.7 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 223 (1969), S. 525-526 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To isolate and identify the active chemical components in the male tarsal scent, a bioassay was developed on the basis of the fact that males and females normally sniff and lick each other's tarsal organs. The tarsal scent was extracted with petroleum ether (30-60 C) from the hair tuft of tarsal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Until recently, the function of the tarsal organ had remained obscure. In a study of the behaviour of the black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), we found the tarsal scent to be of central importance in social behaviour3. Members of an established herd check each other's tarsal tuft ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 108 (1967), S. 218-229 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Brutkleid des weiblichen Mauerläufers wird in der Literatur unrichtig beschrieben. Danach soll es dem ♂ ähnlich, nur blasser sein. Die Beobachtungen von 16 Junge fütternden ♀ zeigte, daß 5 ♀ eine weiße Brust hatten wie im Winterkleid. Die übrigen 11 ♀ hatten einen isolierten, von weißen Feldern umgebenen schwarzen Fleck, der bei 10 ♀ klein, bei nur einem ausgedehnter war. Die Kehle war bei allen ♀ weiß. Der lrrtum wird damit erklärt, daß Mauerläufer im Brutkleid nur sehr selten in den Sammlungen der Museen zu finden sind.
    Abstract: Summary The breeding plumage of female Wall-creepers is incorrectly given in literature, which describes females as similar to males, but paler. The observation of 16 females feeding young showed that 5 had a white breast, as in winter plumage. The other 11 had an isolated black spot surrounded by white; the black spot on 10 being small, and larger only on one. The throats of all 16 females were white. The oversight in the literature is explained by the lack of specimens of females in the breeding plumage in museum collections.
    Notes: Summary Description of a new subspecies of the Black-masked Finch,Coryphaspiza melanotis marajoara, from Marajó Island, Pará, in the mouth of the Amazon. This bird was not previously known north of Goiás, Central Brazil. Its presence on Marajó may be a parallel to that of the Red-winged TinamouRhynchotus rufescens and could indicate that the savannas, where these birds live, are natural ones, and have not been produced by men. Some fieldnotes on the Black-masked Finch are added.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 573-583 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Feeding behavior ; predator odors ; feces ; cattle ; sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effectiveness of predator fecal odors in modifying feeding selection by sheep and cattle was investigated in two trials. In trial 1, animals could select from feed bins contaminated with coyote, fox, cougar, or bear fecal odor, and oil of wintergreen, or select the control feed. All odors were rejected (P〈0.01) by sheep and cattle, except bear odors by sheep. In trial 2, animals could select feed during 10-min periods in an open 11-m × 16-m arena. Fecal odor did not influence approaches to feed bins, or head entries into bins. Only coyote fecal odor reduced (P〈0.05) the time spent feeding in the contaminated bin, and increased (P〈0.05) consumption from the control bin by both cattle and sheep. Some animals on some test days refused to feed from either feed bin, although cattle and sheep closely inspected bins. Results suggest that fecal odors may not prevent livestock from entering a treated area but may reduce the time spent grazing in such an area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1745-1762 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: beaver ; Castor canadensis ; castoreum ; neutral compounds ; monoterpenes ; co-injection ; fractionation ; identification ; synthesis ; territory marking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract North American beavers (Castor canadensis) mark their territories with castoreum, the strong-smelling paste in their castor sacs. In their own territories, beavers respond with scent marking to experimental scent marks that consist of strange castoreum (or selected components). In part, the unique odor of castoreum is due to large amounts of phenolic compounds and neutral compounds. Purified neutral compounds were analyzed by GC. GC-MS, and NMR; identities of the neutral compounds were confirmed by comparing the properties of authentic compounds with those of the isolated compounds. We identified 13 neutral compounds that had not been reported before for castoreum. Most of these are oxygen-containing monoterpenes. Of the nine neutral compounds reported by Lederer (1949), only three are confirmed in our analysis; the other six neutral compounds are either absent or are not volatile enough to be detected by our methods. Eight compounds—6-methyl-l-heptanol, 4,6-dimethyl-l-heptanol, isopinocamphone, pinocamphone, two linalool oxides, and their acetates—were synthesized for structure identification and bioassays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black-tailed deer ; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ; urine ; Flehmen ; deer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Flehmen (or “lipcurl”) is a response of male mammals primarily to female urine, performed primarily during the reproductive season. To elucidate the components of female urine that release the Flehmen, urine of black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) was fractionated, and the fractions were presented to captive male conspecifics during three rutting seasons. The active principle (one or more compounds) is watersoluble, of low volatility, not readily extractable with organic solvents, and between 200 and 12,000 daltons in molecular weight. Several urine components were identified, but none of these showed activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Castor canadensis ; beaver ; castoreum ; communication ; social odors ; phenolic compounds ; neutral compounds ; territorial behavior ; response measures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract North American beaver (Castor canadensis) mark their territories with castoreum, a chemically complex secretion from their castor sacs. The phenolic and neutral fractions of castoreum have been shown to elicit specific behavioral responses from beavers in a field setting. Our objective was to identify compounds/mixtures that evoked responses similar to those stimulated by castoreum. We assayed recently identified phenolic compounds, some phenolics that had been determined to be biologically active in previous studies, the neutral compound borneol, and combinations of phenolic compounds, neutral compounds, and the two combined. Biological activity was measured by the elicitation and extent of specific responses and their strength (duration, frequency, and proportion of beavers responding). Generally, single compounds stimulated fewer responses than mixtures. A 26-compound mixture of phenolic and neutral compounds elicited responses in a similar proportion of trials as castoreum. However, responses to castoreum were stronger than to any synthetic sample. Further investigation of different measures of response, namely, elicitation, completeness, and strength, are deemed necessary to fully decipher the design of social odors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2143-2145 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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