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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The bedrock of the Vaasa circular structure, Western Finland (1985)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 33 (1985), S. 133-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The Vaasa circular structure (sometimes called the Söderfjärden basin) consists of roughly circular or polygonal flat cultivated ground with a diameter of 5–6 km and a surrounding bedrock ring rising 50 m above the centre of the basin and the sea. The maximum basin depth is about 300 m and is filled with Lower Cambrian sedimentary rocks with the uppermost levels being loose overburden of silts with a depth of 30 to 70 m. The surrounding bedrock consists of Precambrian mica and quartz-fieldspar gneisses, quartz- and granodiorites, and porphyritic granites. Some specimens collected from the glacial deposits depict the rocks in the centre of the Vaasa circular structure. A petrographic description of bedrock types and some glacial boulders are presented. The origin of the Vaasa circular structure is not yet solved but there are some existing theories: (1) depression formation due to tectonic movements, (2) impact cratering, and (3) volcanic cryptoexplosion. There is not any conclusive evidence found for any one of these theories and both endo- and exogenic causes must be taken into account in the form of a volcano-tectonic collapsing caldera or impact crater, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116791
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lunar ‘en echelon within en echelon’ structures (1981)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 25 (1981), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Some en echelon structures, tension gashes and compressional ridges may form similar patterns. The N-S compression activates diagonal conjugate zones of weakness with tension gashes in the vicinity of the compressional direction. In the case of E-W compression similar arrangements of en echelon compression ridges are generated. The global N-S compression existing at the time of fracturing of the lava-flooded Oceanus Procellarum basin is arguable. It is possible to interpret some different scale mare ridge arrangements as ‘en echelon within en echelon’ structures. Major ridge ranges evidently have Riedel and opposite Riedel orientations and they consist of minor en echelon structures which may in places be intruded tension gashes but are evidently mostly sheared and compressed Riedel fractures. The ‘en echelon withinen echelon’ structures of mare ridges manifest the significance of different scale strike-slip movements along the lithosphere zones of weakness indicated by present mare ridge zones. The orientation of these Riedel-fracture-like en echelon structures also points to the existence of an areal compression during shearings along the zones of weakness. The Oceanus Procellarum basin sinking caused by lava loadings and lunar internal cooling led to the lithosphere shortening and to compressional circumstances. The angle between proposed Riedel structures and the mare ridge zones varies within this area, possibly indicating differences in compression and shearing in distinct parts of the shortened basin lithosphere.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00911811
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Developments in the evaluation of small lake water quality from digital Landsat MSS data, Kuusamo, Northeast Finland (1984)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 31 (1984), S. 249-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The water quality data collected on the ground by the Water District Office in Oulu was subjected to statistical analyses together with Landsat data to display a few interactions and the possibilities of exploiting remote sensing methods in water area surveying. Correlations between the Landsat data statistics and some water quality measurements were identified. The small size of the studied lakes does not allow any clear calibration to be made but there could be possibilities to develop remote sensing methods for the evaluation of environmental variables and the detection of productivity and the eutrophication stage. The remote sensing procedure could also be useful in portraying temporal variations within lakes as well as relative variations between lakes by classifying each lake on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Although the remote sensing method is not able to supersede ground truth information for lake studies, it has value in regions where many lakes are to be found within a restricted small area. Under these circumstances the collection of information on the ground for a small number of test lakes and the generalization of this data, with the aid of machine-pressing remote sensing, would result in considerably less field work and cost savings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058904
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tectonics of Tharsis dorsa on Mars (1987)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 39 (1987), S. 275-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The tectonics of the Tharsis and adjoining areas is considered to be associated with the convection in the Martian mantle. Convection and mantle plume have been responsible for the primary uplift and volcanism of the Tharsis area. The radial compressional forces generated by the tendency for downslope movement of surface strata, vertical volcanic intrusions and traction of mantle spreading beneath Tharsis were transmitted through the lithosphere to form peripheral mare ridge zones. The locations of mare ridges were thus mainly controlled by the Tharsis-radial compression. The load-induced stresses then contributed on further ridge formation over an extended period of time by the isostatic readjustment which was reponsible for long-term stresses in the adjoining areas. Extrusions, changes in internal temperature and possible phase changes may also have caused changes in mantle volume giving rise to additional compressional forces and crustal deformations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055056
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tectonics of Syrtis Major Planum on Mars (1989)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 46 (1989), S. 243-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Mare ridges were caused by compressional tectonics and indicate the shortening of the planum surface foiled by lavas. At least two separate tectonic phases within Syrtis Major Planum can be found. The two central calderas are located on the southwestern continuation of the Nili Fossae graben zone at the junction of the N-S and NW-SE mare ridge sets. These central calderas were formed by surface collapses into relatively shallow magma chambers. Radial and concentric mare ridges around the two calderas represent a shortened surface environment within the large compressional megacaldera. Shortening was caused by sinking of the crust due to the lava load, plumbing of the magma chambers and cooling of the interiors. The main NW-SE ridge trend parallels highland faults of the major structural zone extending from Hesperia Planum to Vastitas Borealis. These NW-SE ridges indicate the large scale areal tectonic trend along the Scopulus Oenotria - Phison Rupes fault zone and support the idea of a main SW-NE compression. The N-S directed mare ridges of the northern planum area favour a change in compressional stress direction from SW-NE in the south to E-W in the northern planum, obviously due to the buried local topography. These linear mare ridges can also be interpreted as forming a large Isidis Planitia-concentric ridge circle connecting Nili Fossae to Libya Montes. Formation of the mare ridges was the youngest of the main tectonic phases involved within the area studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117193
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytherean ridge belts connected with Tessera areas: Tensional or compressional structures? (1990)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 49 (1990), S. 57-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The conclusion that the different ridge belt-bounded planitia and parquet terrains studied here define Venusian crustal plate-like units is evidently valid in the context of compressional ridge belt tectonics. The long ridge belts of Kamari and Tellus Dorsa, the ridge belts in the transition zone between Ishtar Terra and planitiae and Ausra Dorsa support the idea of NW-SE, (N-S) or E-W compression components, respectively. The planitia plates have been pushed from the south or south-east against the Ishtar Terra/Fortuna Tessera highland, which has opposed the movement, giving the impression of a relative southeast-directed force. The volcanic/diapiric transition zone between these colliding crustal units or plates evidently indicates mobilization of the subsurface unit overthrust by the parquet terrain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053997
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ridge belt tectonics of Ganiki Planitia on Venus (1991)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 53 (1991), S. 127-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The main major ridge belts of Ganiki Planitia on Venus (Laūma, Ahsonnutli and Pandrosos Dorsa) are part of the fan-shaped ridge belt complex along the 200
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00057428
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tectonic implications of the mare-ridge pattern of the central parts of Oceanus Procellarum on the Moon (1980)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 23 (1980), S. 307-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A structural analysis is presented of the mare ridge pattern in an area of about 1 000 000 km2 in the central parts of Oceanus Procellarum. The penetration of magmas through the crust at the Marius Hills and Aristarchus Plateau/Harbinger Mountains volcanic complexes may have happened along pre-existing deep zone of weakness. Associated with these zones are present mare ridge ranges, some of which can be regarded as having formed radial or subradial ridge swarms to the complexes as they were strengthened by stress field changes caused by upward doming and penetrating magmas. The present moonquake epicentres within this area seem to be connected with mare ridge ranges. Focal depths from about 800 to 1000 km indicate a decreasing trend of tectonic activity. One shallow moonquake epicentre also lies within the mare ridge sets.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902046
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structures and activity of a lunar tectonic zone (1978)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 19 (1978), S. 513-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Most recent tectonically notable lunar surface structures, straight or arcuate rilles and mare ridges are found to form regional lineament sets which are interpreted to be manifestations of crustal zones of weakness. The activity of the zones of weakness and their different parts range over a long period of time. Some parts of these zones may have undergone similar development to those of both experimental and natural strike-slip shears. It is hypothesized that the clearly discernable surface zone, which runs from the crater Lansberg to the crater Palmieri tangential to Mare Humorum, may coincide with a major moonquake belt described by Lammlein (1977).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00901977
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mapping previously unmapped planetary surface: A supervised multispectral terrestrial/aquatic approach in northeastern Finland (1984)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 30 (1984), S. 295-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Although large numbers of imageries over planetary surfaces have been aquired by notable space missions over the past twenty years, the versatile technical remote sensing achievements, which have found their long-term and successful applications within the fields of different geosciences, have not been employed in planetology. High resolution imageries allow small-scale surface features to be observed, various filters allow different wavelength bands and surface units of different colour or spectral reflectance to be recorded. Also long-term missions transmit information about multitemporal changes, but such diversified multitemporal surface mapping, as possible by Landsat MSS data, to say nothing of the potential of the Landsat TM and SPOT equipment, are mostly unexecuted. This paper contains an example of the aquatic environment research by computer-assited remote sensing using Landsat MSS data. The western parts of Lake Yli-Kitka, northeastern Finland were studied and mapped according to spectrally identified classes which were improved after field work by associated reclassification. The Landsat classification of open water areas depends on the water quality and depth, or shore distance relations. The recognition of aquatic vegetation complexes is based on the main life-form (helophytic, nymphaeid, isoetid etc.) and the amount of recorded radiation reflected from the chlorophyll (or from other shallow bottom coverage) in respect to the open water surface radiation absorbance within near infrared wavelengths. Aquatic areas are quite featureless in respect to their reflectance, especially in northeastern Finland area studied. The use of wide-channel multispectral satellite data has demonstrated to be valid under quite difficult circumstances. Similar or preferably more up-to-date planetary imagery data could be of high utility value in mapping various surface units of the terrestrial planets and large moons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056206
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