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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: β-Carbolines have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease as a result of their structural similarity to the neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The chloral-derived β-carboline derivative 1-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (TaClo) causes cell loss in neuronal and glial cell cultures and induces a slowly developing neurodegenerative process in rats. In our experiments, effects of TaClo and its derivatives 2-methyl-TaClo (2-Me-TaClo), and 1-dichloromethylene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (1-CCl2-THβC) on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity were investigated in TH assays using homogenate preparations of the rat nucleus accumbens and recombinant human TH (hTH1). TH activity was determined in vitro by measuring l-DOPA production with HPLC-ECD. Using homogenate preparations, TaClo, 2-Me-TaClo, and 1-CCl2-THβC inhibited TH in concentrations of 0.1 mm, while 1-CCl2-THβC in low concentrations enhanced TH activity. When TH was activated by PACAP-27, TaClo, 2-Me-TaClo, or 1-CCl2-THβC also inhibited activated enzyme activity in high concentrations. However, in the case of 2-Me-TaClo and 1-CCl2-THβC a biphasic effect was observed with a marked increase of TH activity in the nanomolar range. In our experiments using recombinant hTH1, TaClo, 2-Me-TaClo, or 1-CCl2-THβC did not modify enzyme activity. After activation of hTH1 by PKA all the tetrahydro-β-carbolines investigated in this study decreased l-DOPA formation. We suggest that these β-carbolines modulate dopamine synthesis by interacting with a protein kinase TH-activating system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] We report that GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH1), the rate-limiting enzyme for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, is a key modulator of peripheral neuropathic and inflammatory pain. BH4 is an essential cofactor for catecholamine, serotonin and nitric oxide production. After axonal injury, concentrations ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 7-8 
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 64 (1992), S. 22-25 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Exercise ; Ventilation ; Acid base status ; Potassium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary During and after two successive incremental cycle ergometer tests (tests A and B), plasma potassium concentration ([K+]p), plasma pH (pHp), plasma partial pressure of carbon dioxide, blood lactate concentration ([Lac−]b) and ventilation (VE) were measured. While there was a good correlation between the increase in [K+]p and VE or pHp, respectively, in test A, in test B a close correlation was found only between the increase in VE and [K+]p (r〉0.9 for nearly all single cases; r was 0.84 and 0.89 for all (pooled) cases in tests A and B, respectively; the correlation coefficients between changes in pHp and VE in tests A and B were r=0.74 and r=0.28, respectively, and r=0.89 and r=0.10 between the changes in [Lac−]b and VE in tests A and B). The close relationship for individuals between VE and [K+]p in tests A and B supported the hypothesis that the extracellular increase in [K+] may contribute to the ventilatory drive during exercise. The comparison of the results of tests A and B further indicated that the relationship between pHp and VE was dependent on the experimental design, and that pHp and VE changes are unlikely to be cause and effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1369-1374 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: NMR Spectroscopic Investigations on the Constitution of Benzyl and 1- Naphthylmethyl Compounds of Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium1H- und 13H- spectra of tetrabenzyl compounds (C6H5CH2)4M (M=Ti, Zr, Hf; 1 - 3) and analogous 1-naphtylmethyl derivatives (1-C10H7CH2)4M (M=Ti, Zr, Hf; 4-6) do not show noticable changes in their bonding properties which were postulated on the basis of X-ray structure analyses of 1-3. On exchanging benzyl groups in 1 and 2 against halogen atoms leading to the compounds (C6H5CH2)4 - nMHaln (M=Ti, Zr, Hf; Hal=Cl, Br, I; n=1 - 3; 7-21) the δCH2 values indicate sensitively the alternation of electron density at the metal atoms. In contrast, no alternation of the benzyl group-metal bonds is indicated by the chemical shifts of the phenyl group C and H atoms, but it becomes evident when benzyl groups are substituted by Cp. Whilst in 1 - 3 a η4-coordination of the benzyl groups can be assumed, these groups are η1-bonded in Cp2Ti(CH2C6H5)2 (23) and Cp2Zr(CH2C6H5)2 (25). Furthermore, an alternation of the coordination systems could be proved in case of 3 and 6 in the presence of donor molecules (THF, pyridine).
    Notizen: Die 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektren (T 298 K, C6D6) der Tetrabenzylverbindungen (C6H5CH2)4M (M=Ti, Zr, Hf; 1-3) und der benzylanalogen 1-Napthylmethyl-Derivate (1-C10H7CH2)4M (M=Ti, Zr, Hf; 4-6) lassen keine besonderen Bindungsverhältnisse erkennen, die aufgrund von Röntgenstrukturuntersuchungen bei 1-3 vermutet wurden. Bei einem Austausch von Benzylgruppen in 1 und 2 gegen Halogenatome, d.h. in Verbindungen des Typs (C6H5CH2)4 - nMHaln (M=Ti, Zr, Hal=Cl, Br, I; n=1 - 3; 7-21), zeigt δCH2 empfindlich die veränderte Elektronendichte an den Metallatomen an. Demgegenüber werden aus den chemischen Verschiebungen der Phenyl-C- und -H-Atome keine Veränderungen der Art der Benzyl-Metall-Bindung sichtbar. Diese zeigen sich jedoch beim schrittweisen Austausch von Benzylgruppen gegen Cp-Reste. Während in 1-3 eine η4- Koordination der Benzylreste anzunehmen ist, liegen in Cp2Ti(CH2C6H5)2 (23) und Cp2Zr(CH2C6H5)2 (25) η1-gebundene Benzylgruppen vor. - In Gegenwart von Donorliganden (THF, Pyridin) wird für 3 und 613C-NMR-spektroskopisch ebenfalls eine Änderung der Bindungsart der Organylreste an das Zentralatom nachgewiesen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 2279-2285 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Metallocenes ; Envelope structure ; Ring inversion ; Titanium complexes ; Zirconium complexes ; Diazadiene ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Titanocene- and Zirconocene(diazadiene) Complexes: Preparation, Characterization, and StructureBy treating Cp2MCl2 (M = Ti, Zr) with magnesium in the presence of the diazadienes R1N = CR2CR2 = NR1 (R1 = R2 = Ph:1a; R1 = Ph, R2 = Me: 1b) metallocene complexes of formula Cp2) (M = Ti: 2a, b; M = Zr: 3a, b) have been obtained in good yields. 2a-3b exhibit dynamic NMR spectra indicating a rapid intramolecular migration of the bent metallocene unit Cp2M from one “face” of the reduced diazadiene to the other. From the 1H-NMR Cp-coalescence ΔG
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 126 (1993), S. 57-61 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Lithium compounds ; Enediamide structure ; 1,4-Diaza-1,3-diene, protonated ; Hydrogen bond ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: [Li2(THF)4DAD] and [DAD  -  H][ZrCl5(THF)]: New Types of Phenyl-;Substituted 1,4-Diaza-1,3-diene LigandsTwo extreme situations in 1,4-diaza-1,3-diene (DAD) chemistry are described. Reaction of phenyl-substituted DAD 1a  -  c with lithium in the molecular ratio of 1:2 affords in high yield the extremely air-sensitive complexes [Li2(THF)4DAD] (2a  -  c). The structure of 2b has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Each of the Li+ ions is coordinated by the two terminal N atoms of the s-cis-configurated DAD dianion and by two molecules of THF. Protonation of ZrCl4 · DAD (3a) by HCl in THF gives the ionic complex [ZrCl5(THF)][DAD  -  H] (4), which contains a protonated [DAD  -  H]+ cation. The structure of the sterically crowded N = C  -  C = N skeleton of the [DAD  -  H]+ cation is not influenced by the positive charge and adopts the unusual Z-gauche-Z conformation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1035-1039 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Titanium complex ; Diazadiene ligand ; Envelope structure ; Benzyl compound ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Diazadiene Complexes of Electron-Deficient Transition Metals: Synthesis, Properties, and Structure of CpTi(diazadiene)ClThe electron-deficient 1,4-diazadiene (DAD) complex CpTi-(DAD)Cl (3), [DAD=1],4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diazabutadiene] is prepared either by reduction of CpTiCl3 (1) with magnesium in the presence of free DAD (2) or by the reaction of 1 with Na2DAD. NMR spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis of 3 indicate that the bonding of the DAD ligand has σ2,π-metallacyclopentene rather than η4;-π character. As a result of steric repulsion between the Cp ring and methyl groups of the DAD ligand 3 exhibits a supine (exo) geometry for DAD coordination is solid state. Substitution reaction of 3 affords the novel complex CpTi(DAD)R (R=CH2Ph).
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 126 (1993), S. 803-809 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Zirconocene complexes ; Heterodiene complexes ; 1-Azadiene ; Carbonyl insertion ; Enamine ; Homoenolate equivalent ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Monoazadiene Complexes of Electron-Deficient Transition Metals, I. - Zirconocene(1-aza-1,3-diene) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Reactions[1]The reduction of Cp2ZrCl2 in THF by Mg in the presence of 1-aza-1,3-dienes 2a-d generates the orange air-sensitive zirconocene(s-cis-1-aza-1,3-diene) complexes 3a-d. 1H-and 13C-NMR spectral data of 3a-d indicate that the bonding of the heterodiene ligand has σ2,π1-metallacyclopentene rather than η4-1-aza-1,3-diene character. No evidence for s-trans1-heterodiene coordination was found in any of the new zirconocene complexes. The molecular structure of 3d has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, confirming the envelope-shaped σ2,π1-type structure also in the solid state. 3b slowly reacts with one molar equivalent of acetophenone to give a seven-membered oxaazametallacycle (4) which has a cis1-C=C bond in the ring. The structure of 4 has been determined by NMR and X-ray diffraction.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Schlagwort(e): Arene complexes ; Catalysis ; Diazadiene complexes ; Iron ; Metal vapour ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Two different routes to novel [(diene)(η6-2,6-dimethylpyridine)Fe] complexes are reported, both of which utilize metal vapour reactions. The presence of two small substituents on the 2,6-position of pyridine is essential for the η6-coordination of the heterocycle. Investigations on the reactivity and stability of the [(diene)(η6-arene)Fe] complexes are presented, including those of the benzene, phosphinine, and pyridine derivatives. These investigations give some hints to the relevant factors for determining the interaction between an iron atom and a π-coordinated neutral arene ligand, and their modification by a nitrogen or a phosphorus atom. Selective substitution of the 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD) ligand of [(COD)(η6-arene)Fe] complexes by some 1,4-diaza-1,3-diene (DAD) derivatives is possible in the case of the benzene or phosphinine arene ligands, and [(DAD)(η6-arene)Fe] complexes are formed, but all DAD derivatives tested so far cause the complete disintegration of [(COD)(η6-2,6-dimethylpyridine)Fe]. [(DAD)(η6-arene)Fe] complexes exhibit a catalytic potential, which was evaluated by experiments on the catalytic cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadiene in the presence of [(Et2AlOEt)2] as a co-catalyst. This reaction yields up to 92% of 1,5-cyclooctadiene, and an almost quantitative butadiene conversion is possible in the presence of less than 0.1% of the catalyst. Structural investigations on [(N,N′-bis(cyclohexyl)ethylenediimine)(η6-toluene)Fe] 5a reveal some details of the Fe-DAD interaction. An effective electron back-donation from occupied iron d-orbitals into the π*-LUMO of the DAD is indicated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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