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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: β-Carbolines have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease as a result of their structural similarity to the neurotoxin N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The chloral-derived β-carboline derivative 1-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (TaClo) causes cell loss in neuronal and glial cell cultures and induces a slowly developing neurodegenerative process in rats. In our experiments, effects of TaClo and its derivatives 2-methyl-TaClo (2-Me-TaClo), and 1-dichloromethylene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (1-CCl2-THβC) on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity were investigated in TH assays using homogenate preparations of the rat nucleus accumbens and recombinant human TH (hTH1). TH activity was determined in vitro by measuring l-DOPA production with HPLC-ECD. Using homogenate preparations, TaClo, 2-Me-TaClo, and 1-CCl2-THβC inhibited TH in concentrations of 0.1 mm, while 1-CCl2-THβC in low concentrations enhanced TH activity. When TH was activated by PACAP-27, TaClo, 2-Me-TaClo, or 1-CCl2-THβC also inhibited activated enzyme activity in high concentrations. However, in the case of 2-Me-TaClo and 1-CCl2-THβC a biphasic effect was observed with a marked increase of TH activity in the nanomolar range. In our experiments using recombinant hTH1, TaClo, 2-Me-TaClo, or 1-CCl2-THβC did not modify enzyme activity. After activation of hTH1 by PKA all the tetrahydro-β-carbolines investigated in this study decreased l-DOPA formation. We suggest that these β-carbolines modulate dopamine synthesis by interacting with a protein kinase TH-activating system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] We report that GTP cyclohydrolase (GCH1), the rate-limiting enzyme for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, is a key modulator of peripheral neuropathic and inflammatory pain. BH4 is an essential cofactor for catecholamine, serotonin and nitric oxide production. After axonal injury, concentrations ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GPS solutions 1 (1995), S. 7-8 
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Ventilation ; Acid base status ; Potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During and after two successive incremental cycle ergometer tests (tests A and B), plasma potassium concentration ([K+]p), plasma pH (pHp), plasma partial pressure of carbon dioxide, blood lactate concentration ([Lac−]b) and ventilation (VE) were measured. While there was a good correlation between the increase in [K+]p and VE or pHp, respectively, in test A, in test B a close correlation was found only between the increase in VE and [K+]p (r〉0.9 for nearly all single cases; r was 0.84 and 0.89 for all (pooled) cases in tests A and B, respectively; the correlation coefficients between changes in pHp and VE in tests A and B were r=0.74 and r=0.28, respectively, and r=0.89 and r=0.10 between the changes in [Lac−]b and VE in tests A and B). The close relationship for individuals between VE and [K+]p in tests A and B supported the hypothesis that the extracellular increase in [K+] may contribute to the ventilatory drive during exercise. The comparison of the results of tests A and B further indicated that the relationship between pHp and VE was dependent on the experimental design, and that pHp and VE changes are unlikely to be cause and effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Arene complexes ; Catalysis ; Diazadiene complexes ; Iron ; Metal vapour ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two different routes to novel [(diene)(η6-2,6-dimethylpyridine)Fe] complexes are reported, both of which utilize metal vapour reactions. The presence of two small substituents on the 2,6-position of pyridine is essential for the η6-coordination of the heterocycle. Investigations on the reactivity and stability of the [(diene)(η6-arene)Fe] complexes are presented, including those of the benzene, phosphinine, and pyridine derivatives. These investigations give some hints to the relevant factors for determining the interaction between an iron atom and a π-coordinated neutral arene ligand, and their modification by a nitrogen or a phosphorus atom. Selective substitution of the 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD) ligand of [(COD)(η6-arene)Fe] complexes by some 1,4-diaza-1,3-diene (DAD) derivatives is possible in the case of the benzene or phosphinine arene ligands, and [(DAD)(η6-arene)Fe] complexes are formed, but all DAD derivatives tested so far cause the complete disintegration of [(COD)(η6-2,6-dimethylpyridine)Fe]. [(DAD)(η6-arene)Fe] complexes exhibit a catalytic potential, which was evaluated by experiments on the catalytic cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadiene in the presence of [(Et2AlOEt)2] as a co-catalyst. This reaction yields up to 92% of 1,5-cyclooctadiene, and an almost quantitative butadiene conversion is possible in the presence of less than 0.1% of the catalyst. Structural investigations on [(N,N′-bis(cyclohexyl)ethylenediimine)(η6-toluene)Fe] 5a reveal some details of the Fe-DAD interaction. An effective electron back-donation from occupied iron d-orbitals into the π*-LUMO of the DAD is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Cyclopentadienyl-Analoga ; Heterodienkomplexe ; Komplexe mit Stickstoffliganden ; Lanthanoidverbindungen ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1369-1374 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: NMR Spectroscopic Investigations on the Constitution of Benzyl and 1- Naphthylmethyl Compounds of Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium1H- und 13H- spectra of tetrabenzyl compounds (C6H5CH2)4M (M=Ti, Zr, Hf; 1 - 3) and analogous 1-naphtylmethyl derivatives (1-C10H7CH2)4M (M=Ti, Zr, Hf; 4-6) do not show noticable changes in their bonding properties which were postulated on the basis of X-ray structure analyses of 1-3. On exchanging benzyl groups in 1 and 2 against halogen atoms leading to the compounds (C6H5CH2)4 - nMHaln (M=Ti, Zr, Hf; Hal=Cl, Br, I; n=1 - 3; 7-21) the δCH2 values indicate sensitively the alternation of electron density at the metal atoms. In contrast, no alternation of the benzyl group-metal bonds is indicated by the chemical shifts of the phenyl group C and H atoms, but it becomes evident when benzyl groups are substituted by Cp. Whilst in 1 - 3 a η4-coordination of the benzyl groups can be assumed, these groups are η1-bonded in Cp2Ti(CH2C6H5)2 (23) and Cp2Zr(CH2C6H5)2 (25). Furthermore, an alternation of the coordination systems could be proved in case of 3 and 6 in the presence of donor molecules (THF, pyridine).
    Notes: Die 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektren (T 298 K, C6D6) der Tetrabenzylverbindungen (C6H5CH2)4M (M=Ti, Zr, Hf; 1-3) und der benzylanalogen 1-Napthylmethyl-Derivate (1-C10H7CH2)4M (M=Ti, Zr, Hf; 4-6) lassen keine besonderen Bindungsverhältnisse erkennen, die aufgrund von Röntgenstrukturuntersuchungen bei 1-3 vermutet wurden. Bei einem Austausch von Benzylgruppen in 1 und 2 gegen Halogenatome, d.h. in Verbindungen des Typs (C6H5CH2)4 - nMHaln (M=Ti, Zr, Hal=Cl, Br, I; n=1 - 3; 7-21), zeigt δCH2 empfindlich die veränderte Elektronendichte an den Metallatomen an. Demgegenüber werden aus den chemischen Verschiebungen der Phenyl-C- und -H-Atome keine Veränderungen der Art der Benzyl-Metall-Bindung sichtbar. Diese zeigen sich jedoch beim schrittweisen Austausch von Benzylgruppen gegen Cp-Reste. Während in 1-3 eine η4- Koordination der Benzylreste anzunehmen ist, liegen in Cp2Ti(CH2C6H5)2 (23) und Cp2Zr(CH2C6H5)2 (25) η1-gebundene Benzylgruppen vor. - In Gegenwart von Donorliganden (THF, Pyridin) wird für 3 und 613C-NMR-spektroskopisch ebenfalls eine Änderung der Bindungsart der Organylreste an das Zentralatom nachgewiesen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 2279-2285 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Metallocenes ; Envelope structure ; Ring inversion ; Titanium complexes ; Zirconium complexes ; Diazadiene ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Titanocene- and Zirconocene(diazadiene) Complexes: Preparation, Characterization, and StructureBy treating Cp2MCl2 (M = Ti, Zr) with magnesium in the presence of the diazadienes R1N = CR2CR2 = NR1 (R1 = R2 = Ph:1a; R1 = Ph, R2 = Me: 1b) metallocene complexes of formula Cp2) (M = Ti: 2a, b; M = Zr: 3a, b) have been obtained in good yields. 2a-3b exhibit dynamic NMR spectra indicating a rapid intramolecular migration of the bent metallocene unit Cp2M from one “face” of the reduced diazadiene to the other. From the 1H-NMR Cp-coalescence ΔG
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1035-1039 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Titanium complex ; Diazadiene ligand ; Envelope structure ; Benzyl compound ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diazadiene Complexes of Electron-Deficient Transition Metals: Synthesis, Properties, and Structure of CpTi(diazadiene)ClThe electron-deficient 1,4-diazadiene (DAD) complex CpTi-(DAD)Cl (3), [DAD=1],4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diazabutadiene] is prepared either by reduction of CpTiCl3 (1) with magnesium in the presence of free DAD (2) or by the reaction of 1 with Na2DAD. NMR spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis of 3 indicate that the bonding of the DAD ligand has σ2,π-metallacyclopentene rather than η4;-π character. As a result of steric repulsion between the Cp ring and methyl groups of the DAD ligand 3 exhibits a supine (exo) geometry for DAD coordination is solid state. Substitution reaction of 3 affords the novel complex CpTi(DAD)R (R=CH2Ph).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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