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  • 1
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0040-4020
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 355-367 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Proto-oncogenes ; Tumor suppressor genes ; Testicular neoplasms ; Differentiation ; Review
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Conclusions Changes in proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes at the molecular level are associated with the development and progression of testicular GCTs (Fig. 3). Investigations at this level, however, are only in their initial stages, and therefore the overall genetic changes which lead to the development of a metastasizing tumor are not known. Investigations show however, that undifferentiated GCTs (seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, chorionepithelioma) display molecular changes that are different from those of differentiated GCTs (teratocarcinoma, mixed tumors). In undifferentiated GCTs the following changes have been demonstrated: an increased expression of the proto-oncogenes c-kit, N-myc, c-myc, and c-mos; mutations in N-ras; missing expression in the RB tumor-suppressor gene; and a general hypomethylation of the DNA. These events possibly lead to a blockade of the differentiation process, and these GCTs may therefore correspond to an earlier stage of embryogenesis. These changes, on the other hand, do not occur in GCTs with differentiated tissue parts. The conspicuous expression of the c-erbB1 and c-erbB2 proto-oncogenes and also that of the RB tumor-suppressor gene is clearly associated in these tumors with differentiation. Important events in the formation or progression of teratocarcinoma and of the partly differentiated nonseminoma are, moreover, a generally lower number of copies of chromosome 15, a possible LOH at the nm23 locus, and hypermethylation, which may result in a switching off of particular genes. How the above molecular changes actually provide a clinically relevant supplement to the traditional classification of GCTs must be demonstrated by further investigations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Urologe 35 (1996), S. 357-362 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Angiogenese ; Urologische Tumoren ; Diagnostik ; Prognose ; Therapie ; Key words Angiogenesis ; Urological tumors ; Diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Physiologically, angiogenesis in adults is a controlled process which plays a role, for example, in wound healing. Pathological angiogenesis is observed in tumor formation and represents a multifactorial process, in which specific angiogenic factors, as well as growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins and cell adhesion molecules are involved. Tumor growth is characterized by an imbalance in favor of angiogenic over angiogenesis-inhibiting factors. Some of the most frequently examined angiogenic factors are vascular endothelial growth factor, acidic/basic fibroblast growth factors and the platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor. The most important angiogenesis inhibitors are angiostatin and thrombospondin. To date, the clinical relevance of tumor angiogenesis has been shown for several human tumors. For most urological tumors, the grade of tumor vessel formation, measured as microvessel density, has been associated with metastases, tumor growth and clinical course. The prognostic value of this feature of malignant growth seems to be higher than that of most of the classical and newer prognostic factors. Systematic investigations of tumor angiogenesis are becoming increasingly relevant for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and offer opportunities for the development of new specific therapeutic approaches in clinical oncology.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung „Angiogenese“ ist ein kontrollierter Prozeß und kommt im Erwachsenenalter physiologisch z. B. bei der Wundheilung vor. Zu den pathologischen Formen der Angiogenese gehört die „Tumorangiogenese“, von der Tumorwachstum und Metastasierung abhängen. Sie ist ein multifaktoriell bedingter Prozeß, bei dem neben spezifischen Angiogenesefaktoren auch andere Wachstumsfaktoren, extrazelluläre Matrixproteine und Zelladhäsionsmoleküle beteiligt sind. Das Tumorwachstum wird durch ein Überwiegen angiogenesestimulierender gegenüber angiogeneseinhibierender Faktoren gefördert. Zu den am häufigsten untersuchten angiogenesestimulierenden Faktoren gehören der „vascular endothelial growth factor“ (VEGF), die „acidic/basic fibroblast growth factors“ (a/b-FGF) und der „platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor“ (PDECGF). Zu den wichtigsten Angiogeneseinhibitoren zählen Angiostatin und Thrombospondin. Mittlerweile konnte für eine Vielzahl menschlicher Tumoren die Relevanz der Tumorangiogenese für den klinischen Verlauf der Tumorerkrankung belegt werden. Auch für die meisten urologischen Tumoren wurde gezeigt, daß der Grad der Tumorgefäßneubildung – gemessen als Gefäßdichte in histologischen Schnitten – mit dem Grad der Metastasierung, dem Tumorwachstum und dem klinischen Verlauf assoziiert ist. Der prädiktive Wert erwies sich als größer als der einer Vielzahl klassischer und neuerer Prognosefaktoren. Systematische Untersuchungen zur Tumorangiogenese gewinnen z. Z. zunehmende Bedeutung für Diagnostik und Therapieplanung menschlicher Tumoren und eröffnen Chancen für die Entwicklung spezifischer, neuer Tumortherapien.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Urological research 23 (1995), S. 11-19 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Metastatic cascade ; Invasion ; Anti-metastatic therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A sequence of steps are prerequisite for cancer cells before metastases are established. Metastasis has been shown to be an inefficient process limited by both random and selective events. By differentiating invasion from metastasis, sequential steps in the metastatic cascade have been defined and studied separately. This approach has yielded a variety of new potential therapeutic strategies. However, increasing knowledge of the mechanisms relating to metastasis has also revealed the complexity of each step. In spite of difficulties in translating results obtained in preclinical models into the clinical setting, continued development of such model systems and further research into the genetic control of metastatic dissemination will lead to improved strategies for prevention of metastasis formation and for treatment of metastatic tumor cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    World journal of urology 12 (1994), S. 74-78 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Molecular genetic alterations of known protooncogenes and growth factors, e.g. c-kit and its ligand SCF as well as hst1 and c-myc, are likely to play a role in the development of testicular cancer. In addition, identification and analysis of genes located on the frequently altered chromosome 12 represent an important focus of research. Genetic alterations may occur in a stepwise fashion, as described in other human tumors, leading to the development of the various histologic subtypes of testicular germ cell tumors. The characterization of these alterations are most likely to extend the traditional histopathologic tumor classifications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    World journal of urology 14 (1996), S. 123-123 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    World journal of urology 14 (1996), S. 131-140 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Progression of malignancy involves a series of sequential steps that ultimately lead to cancer-cell dissemination. In addition to the loss of growth control, an imbalanced regulation of motility and proteolysis is a prerequisite for invasion and metastasis. These factors are also necessary for angiogenesis — an integral process occurring at both the primary and the metastatic sites. Investigators have elucidated in detail many of the molecular mechanisms involved in the sequential steps of the metastatic cascade and have thereby provided new targets for therapeutic intervention. For each step, different model systems have been developed and various strategies for antimetastatic therapy have been tested in vitro as well as in murine systems. Difficulties in translating results obtained in preclinical models into the clinical setting have become apparent and have not been unexpected in light of the sometimes highly artificial interaction in the experimental setting. Nevertheless, continued development of model systems and further research into the genetic control of malignancy should lead to the identification of common signal-transduction pathways. Interference at such sites promises to be particularly effective in inhibiting proliferation and metastasis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A sensitive radioenzymatic assay of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in hair root cells is presented. Only five hair roots with intact bulb and sheath are needed for one assay. By pulling 15–20 hairs, 3–4 parallel assays can be performed. As in erythrocytes the COMT activity in hair root cells is constant for each individual. Nevertheless, there is no high correlation between the enzyme activities in erythrocyte and in hair root cells (r=0.26, 0.1〉 P〉0.05, N=46). The determination of COMT in hair root cells offers a further application of this source in genetic research, as in the study of a correlation between COMT activity and various endogenous psychiatric disorders.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 114 (1988), S. 415-419 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Liver metastases ; Tumor blood supply ; Micrometastases ; Tumor vessels ; Tumor necrosis ; Tumor thrombus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The vascularization of 19 human livers with metastases was investigated using gelatine perfusion and resin corrosion techniques. (1) In 16 livers examined after injection via the hepatic artery hypervascular metastases were demonstrated in 12 cases, hypovascular in 4. (2) Injection via the portal vein showed that more than 50% of liver metastases had a distinct portal blood supply to the tumor periphery. In approximately one-third of cases the portal blood supply extended centrally. (3) Injection via the hepatic vein demonstrated venous drainage from peripheral areas of tumor in less than 30%, and from central areas in only 9%. Larger branches of the hepatic vein were not detected within metastases. (4) Tumor thrombi were seen within branches of the portal vein situated 1–1.5 cm from the tumor periphery in more than 50% of all liver metastases — suggesting the possibility of local hepatic retrograde tumor spread via the portal vein. (5) Central necroses were seen in hypervascular metastases only, mainly in tumors larger than 1–1.5 cm. (6) The incidence and vascularity of human hepatic micrometastases was investigated. Micrometastases were seen in close proximity to about 40% of the macrometastases. Metastases up to the size of 200 μm received their main blood supply via sinusoids. Neovascularization of tumors larger than 200 μm was demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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