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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 6 (1965), S. 3879-3883 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 67 (1998), S. 153-168 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary To meet the challenge of developing a comprehensive weather and climate prediction model which can give realistic scenarios for many time scales, more computer power than is currently available will be needed. One possibility for alleviating this shortcoming is to increase the integration timestep. We propose and test several methods which may prove useful. One procedure is an expansion of the model dependent variables in a Taylor series. Application of this method to simple models indicates acceptable increases in timestep by a factor of five. A multi-level approach which is less complex to apply gives comparable results and is more successful when high accuracy is desired. To bypass the limiting constraint of the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition on gravity waves, an approach is suggested in which the prediction model is represented in its normal modes and the high frequency modes are balanced while the low frequency modes are predicted. Experiments with this procedure are described and in combination with the multi-level integration technique show substantial increases in integration timestep for acceptable integration results, both on the forecast and climate scale. Experiments are now underway applying this process to the NCAR/CCM3, a state-of-the-art model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 25 (1969), S. 150-168 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Hydroxyurea ; Skeletal malformations ; Stage specificity ; Organotropism ; Schlüsselwörter ; Hydroxyharnstoff ; Skeletmißbildungen ; Stadienspezifität ; Organotropie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In den vorliegenden Untersuchungen wurden gravide Mäuseweibchen vom Stamm NMRI sowohl chronisch vom 6.–17. Trächtigkeitstag als auch während bestimmter Abschnitte der frühen und embryonalen Entwicklung oral mit verschiedenen, für das Muttertier untoxischen Dosen von Hydroxyharnstoff (HHS) behandelt. Es konnten neben vermehrter Fruchtresorption und deutlichen Entwicklungsverzögerungen für den Hydroxyharnstoff und verwandte Verbindungen charakteristische Skeletmißbildungen (Kyematopathien und Embryopathien) induziert werden. An Hand der unterschiedlichen Applikationszeitpunkte war es ferner möglich, eine gewisse Stadienspezifität sowie Organotropie des Wirkstoffes festzustellen.
    Notes: Summary In the studies presented pregnant female mice of the NMRI strain were treated chronically from the 6th to 17th day of pregnancy as well as during certain periods of early and embryonic development with different oral doses of hydroxyurea (HU) which were non-toxic for the maternal animals. In addition to increased incidence of embryo resorption and definite delay in development, characteristic skeletal malformations (cyematopathies and embryopathies) for hydroxyurea could be induced. On the basis of different times of application, it was further possible to establish a certain stage specificity as well as organotropism of the substance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: ADI (Acceptable Daily Intakes) ; Margin of Safety ; Food Additives ; Pesticide Residues ; Tolerances ; Toxicological Evaluation ; Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe ; Höchstmengen ; hygienischtoxikologische Bewertung ; Pestizide (Pflanzenschutzmittel) ; Sicherheitsspannen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch die toxikologische Bewertung chemischer Stoffe in Lebensmitteln, der Lebensmittel-Zusatzstoffe und Pestizidrückstände, müssen die Anforderungen der Gesundheitsvorsorge erfüllt werden, wobei auch neue experimentelle toxikologische Prüfungsmethoden herangezogen werden. Zur Festlegung von in gesundheitlicher Hinsicht vertretbaren Höchstmengenwerten wird von der Konzentration ohne Wirkung im Tierversuch ausgegangen, unter Einschaltung einer geeigneten Sicherheitsspanne zunächst die duldbare tägliche Aufnahme durch den Menschen festgelegt und schließlich speziell bei Pflanzenschutzmittel-Rückständen unter Berücksichtigung des Körpergewichts und der täglichen Aufnahme des Lebensmittels ein Höchstmengenwert (Toleranz) im Lebensmittel angegeben. Auf die Schwierigkeiten bei dieser Festsetzung und vor allem auch auf die Problematik einer Voraussage beim Menschen aus den Ergebnissen von Tierversuchen im Rahmen der Gesundheitsvorsorge wird besonders hingewiesen.
    Notes: Abstract The toxicological evaluation of an increasing use of various chemical substances in food industry, as additives and pesticide residues, is supplying rigorous standards of health precautions with an increasing sensibility of experimental toxicological test methods and an appropriate action to safeguard the consumer. The judgment of safety of a proposed additive or pesticide residue involves consideration of the no-effect levels demonstrated in the experimental animals using an adequate margin of safety and the allocation of acceptable daily intakes (ADI s) for man. These figures are indicators of the toxicity or safety of the respective chemicals and the basis for the assessment and recommendation of limits of pesticide residues. The difficulties of a prediction of disease in man caused by chemical substances from animal experiments are emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 123 (1940), S. 116-125 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 113 (1960), S. 403-406 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 112 (1960), S. 291-293 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1573-742X
    Keywords: thrombolytic therapy ; saruplase ; myocardial infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Saruplase (unglycosylated human-type high molecular weight single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator) was given to 1698 patients in the open-label Practical Applicability of Saruplase Study (PASS), which assessed the safety and efficacy of saruplase in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Thirty-seven hospitals in Europe participated in the study. All patients received 20 mg saruplase as a bolus followed by an infusion of 60 mg saruplase over 1 hour. Prior to the infusion of saruplase, 62% of the patients received a bolus of 5000 U of heparin, and after saruplase a 24-hour intravenous infusion of heparin was given to 95% of patients. The mean age of the patients was 59 years and 80.1% were male. The median delay from the onset of chest pain to the start of saruplase infusion was 145 minutes. Acute angiography was performed in 8 of the participating 37 centers in 350 patients (20.6%), on average 85 minutes (median) after the start of the saruplase infusion. TIMI 3 flow was obtained in 186 patients (53.1%) and TIMI 2 flow in 61 patients (17.4%). Patency rates were similar for patients with anterior and inferior infarction. ECG signs suggestive of reperfusion were seen in 63% of the patients. In-hospital mortality was low (92 patients; 5.4%), and nonfatal recurrent myocardial infarction was seen in 60 patients (3.5%). Severe bleeding complications occurred in 92 patients (5.4%), 21 of whom (1.2%) needed a blood transfusion. An intracerebral hemorrhage was observed in eight patients (0.5%), and seven patients (0.4%) suffered from a thromboembolic stroke. At discharge 85.9% of the patients were in NYHA functional class I. One-year mortality was low (142 patients; 8.4%). Mortality was high in patients with TIMI 0 or 1 flow at the acute angiography who did not undergo rescue PTCA (9/39; 23.1%), lower in patients with TIMI 0 or 1 flow followed by successful rescue PTCA (7/64; 10.9%), and low in patients with TIMI 2 flow (1/61; 1.6%) or with TIMI 3 flow (2/186; 1.1%). Patency rates and (bleeding) complications did not differ between patients with a body weight greater than or less than 70 kilograms. No antibodies against saruplase were detected in samples from 455 patients. In conclusion, it can be stated that saruplase, given in combination with aspirin and intravenous heparin, can be given safely and effectively to patients with acute myocardial infarction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Vascular remodeling – intravascular ultrasound – coronary artery disease ; Schlüsselwörter Vaskuläres Remodeling – intravaskulärer Ultraschall – koronare Herzkrankheit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Grad der Lumeneinengung in atherosklerotischen Arterien hängt nicht nur vom Ausmaß der Plaquemasse im Gefäß, sondern auch von regionalen Änderungen der Gesamtgefäßgröße, dem sogenannten vaskulären Remodeling, ab. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Dimension des vaskulären Remodelings in vivo zu ermitteln. Bei 63 Patienten mit 68 interventionspflichtigen De-novo-Stenosen wurde präinterventionell eine Untersuchung mit intravaskulärem Ultraschall (IVUS) durchgeführt. In der Zielstenose sowie im distalen und proximalen Referenzsegment wurden die Lumenfläche (LF), die Gesamtgefäßfläche (GGF) und die Plaquefläche (GGF-LF) bestimmt. Die Querschnittsstenose berechnete sich aus Plaquefläche/GGF · 100. Das vaskuläre Remodeling wurde durch einen Remodeling-Index quantifiziert (RI = Stenose-GGF – Mittelwert GGF dist. + prox. Referenzsegment/Mittelwert GGF dist. + prox. Referenzsegment · 100). Zusätzlich wurden drei verschiedene Remodeling-Formen unterschieden: 1. positives Remodeling = GGF-Stenose 〉 maximale GGF Referenzsegmente; 2. intermediäres Remodeling = minimale GGF Referenzsegment ≤ GGF Stenose ≤ maximale GGF Referenzsegment; 3. negatives Remodeling = GGF Stenose 〈 minimale GGF Referenzstenose. Nach dieser Einteilung wiesen 29% der Stenosen (20/68) positives, 43% (29/68) intermediäres und 28% (19/68) negatives Remodeling auf. Im Gesamtkollektiv war der Remodeling-Index nahezu ausgeglichen (RI = –0,8±19,7%). In Gefäßen mit negativem Remodeling-Verhalten trug die Abnahme der Gefäßgröße zu 40±25% zur Lumeneinengung bei, in Stenosen mit positivem Remodeling war das Gesamtgefäß um 21%±12% erweitert (p 〈 0,001). Stenosen mit negativem Remodeling wiesen eine geringere Plaquefläche auf, bei positivem Remodeling war diese überdurchschnittlich groß (8,2±2,4 mm2 vs. 13,8±3,7 mm2, p 〈 0,001). In der Mehrzahl der atherosklerotischen Koronararterien lag die Gefäßgröße im Stenosebereich außerhalb der Spanne zwischen der Gefäßgröße im proximalen und distalen Referenzsegment. Das Ausmaß und die Häufigkeit von positivem und negativem Remodeling waren insgesamt nahezu ausgeglichen, bei einer erheblichen Verteilungsbreite. In Stenosen mit negativem Remodeling fand sich signifikant weniger Plaquematerial.
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to assess the dimension of regional vascular remodeling and its influence on lumen narrowing in vivo. Sixty-three patients with 68 coronary lesions were imaged by intravascular ultrasound before transcatheter therapy. Quantitative measurements of lumen area, vessel area, and plaque area were performed at the lesion site and at the proximal and distal reference site. Area stenosis was calculated as plaque area/vessel area · 100. The extent of remodeling was quantified by a remodeling index (RI = stenosis vessel area – mean reference vessel area/mean reference vessel area · 100). Additionally, three different groups of vascular remodeling were defined: 1) positive remodeling = stenosis vessel area 〉 maximal reference vessel area; 2) intermediate remodeling = maximal reference vessel area ≥ stenosis vessel area ≥ minimal reference vessel area; 3) negative remodeling = stenosis vessel area 〈 minimal reference vessel area. In 57% of lesions stenosis vessel area was not inbetween the proximal and distal reference area: 29% of lesions (20/68) had positive, 28% (19/68) negative, and 43% (29/68) intermediate remodeling. Overall remodeling index averaged –0.8±19.7%. In the negative remodeling group, reduction of vessel area contributed to 40±21% of lumen narrowing, in the positive remodeling group, stenosis vessel area was 21±12% enlarged (p〈0.001). Lesions with negative remodeling exhibit a lesser plaque area, lesions with positive remodeling a larger than other vessels (8.2±2.4 mm2, 13.8±3.7 mm2, 10.8±3.7 mm2; p 〈0.001). Distinct vascular remodeling occurred in the majority of atheosclerotic lesions and is a bidirectional process. Overall, the extent and the frequency of positive and negative remodeling was almost balanced. In lesions with negative remodeling the plaque area was significantly lesser than in other lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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