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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Head injury ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Catecholamines ; Adrenergic beta receptor blockers ; Isoquinolines (debrisoquine)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The activity of the sympathetic nervous system during the course of severe closed head injury has been evaluated in 15 patients by measuring plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. With the onset of the transition stage from midbrain syndrome to the apallic syndrome the plasma levels mainly of norepinephrine started to increase and remained high during the further course of the disease. During the remission from the apallic syndrome the elevated norepinephrine levels started to decline. The data indicate that a longlasting overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system is a characteristic feature in the course of severe head injury. As a rational therapy to protect the peripheral tissues against the consequences of a longlasting sympathetic overactivity we suggest the use of β-adrenergic blocking agents and adrenergic neuron blocking drugs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 264 (1969), S. 247-248 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 271 (1971), S. 193-203 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal Medulla ; Chromogranin ; Catecholamines ; Synthesis ; Secretion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 1. 3H-leucine and3H-tyrosine were added to the perfusion medium of isolated bovine adrenal glands in order to study the synthesis and secretion of radioactively labelled catecholamines and proteins. 2. Various times after the injection of the labelled amino acids the soluble proteins of the microsomal fraction were isolated and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in three different buffer systems. The distribution of protein-bound radioactivity within the gels was determined. Most of the label was found to be confined to proteins which behaved like the specific soluble proteins of chromaffin granules, i.e. the chromogranins. 3. Stimulation of the adrenal gland with carbachol induced a release of catechol-amines, protein, and protein-bound radioactivity. In the absence of Ca2+ the secretion of all these components was abolished. The highest specific radioactivity of the proteins secreted upon stimulation was reached 4 h after the injection of the labelled precursors. The labelled proteins, secreted upon stimulation, could be identified as chromogranins. 4. Carbachol induced the release of highly labelled catecholamines after the injection of3H-tyrosine. The highest specific radioactivity of these catecholamines was already observed at the first stimulation with carbachol i.e. 30 min after3H-tyrosine. 5. These results demonstrate that in isolated bovine adrenal glands radioactively labelled chromogranins and catecholamines can be synthesised and can be secreted upon stimulation with carbachol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 273 (1972), S. 43-61 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal Medulla ; Chromaffin Granules ; Synthesis ; Catecholamines ; Nucleotides ; Chromogranins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 1. The subcellular distribution of newly synthesised catecholamines, nucleotides and proteins was investigated in bovine adrenal medulla. 3H-tyrosine, 3H-leucine and 32P-phosphate were used as radioactive precursors (“pulse label”). 2. Already 3 min after infusion of 3H-tyrosine the bulk of the labelled catecholamines was present in the “large granules” (mitochondria, lysosomes and chromaffin granules). In the fractions from the density gradient the distribution of the labelled and the total catecholamines was the same. Analogous results were obtained at longer time intervals. 3. 3 min after infusion of 32P-phosphate the labelled nucleotides present in the “large granules” were concentrated in the mitochondrial fraction. At longer time intervals after infusion of 32P-phosphate (45 min and 4h) chromaffin granules had accumulated a larger portion of the labelled nucleotides, mitochondria contained less. 4. After infusion of 45Ca2+, the isotope present in the large granules was found to be concentrated in the mitochondria and in chromaffin granules. 5. After infusion of 3H-leucine the soluble proteins of the adrenal medulla rapidly became labelled. 4 h after 3H-leucine newly synthesised proteins could be demonstrated in a particle which was present in the large granule fraction and which equilibrated in density gradients in a position corresponding to 1.6 M sucrose. This particle can be differentiated from mitochondria, microsomes, lysosomes and the bulk of the chromaffin granules. The labelled soluble proteins of this particle were identified as chromogranins. It seems likely that this particle represents a newly formed chromaffin granule which differs in its properties from the bulk of mature granules. The membrane proteins of this particle were not significantly labelled. 6. After infusion of 32P-phosphate the phospholipids of the adrenal medulla became labelled. The subcellular distribution of these phospholipids was similar to that of a microsomal marker enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase. Lysoclecithin was not significantly labelled. 7. In the light of these results the subcellular events leading to the formation of complete chromaffin granules are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Vasopressin ; Epinephrine ; Norepinephrine ; Heart Rate ; Systolic Blood Pressure ; Diastolic Blood Pressure ; Urine Volume ; Performance Test ; Cold Application ; Pain Production
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The urinary excretion of vasopressin, epinephrine and norepinephrine was studied in normal subjects before and during three stress situations, viz. a performance test (consisting of mental arithmetic, the Stroop colour-word test, delayed auditory feedback and hand steadiness), the application of cold and the production of ischaemic muscle pain. The heart frequency, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the urine volume were measured as well. During the performance test the vasopressin, epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion increased significantly. During the application of cold only norepinephrine excretion increased significantly. During the production of muscle pain the vasopressin and epinephrine excretion increased significantly, the norepinephrine excretion rose, but not significantly. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a significant increase during these three stress situations. The significant increase in heart rate was less pronounced during the cold and pain stress than during the performance stress. The urine volume was not significantly changed during the stress situations. These results were discussed in relation to the emotional arousal level during the performance test on one side and to the unpleasant but familiar conditions during the application of cold and the production of pain on the other side.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 270 (1971), S. 87-89 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal Medulla ; Chromaffin Granules ; Sympathetic Nerve ; Membrane Protein ; Exocytosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A rabbit antiserum was obtained against a protein isolated from membranes of bovine chromaffin granules. Immunohistochemical evidence indicates that this protein is present in the adrenal medullae of several species and in bovine sympathetic nerve.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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