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  • 11
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 20 Patienten, die sich einer kolorektalen Operation unterziehen mußten, wurde Piperacillin parenteral in Dosen von 4 g achtstündlich zwei Tage lang verabreicht. Zur Bestimmung der Piperacillin-Konzentrationen wurden eine Reihe von Serum- und Stuhlproben gewonnen. Während der Operation wurden Gewebeproben von der Darmwand entnommen. Intraoperativ wurden 15 min nach Piperacillin-Applikation maximale Serumkonzentrationen erreicht. Am Tag 0 betrug die mittlere Halbwertszeit 1,9 h und die Fläche unter der Serumkonzentrationszeitkurve im Mittel 536,8 mg/l. In den Gewebeproben lagen die Piperacillin-Konzentrationen zwischen 4,2 und 103,5 mg/kg. Die Relation der Konzentrationen im Gewebe/Serum betrug 0,45. Die Piperacillin-Konzentrationen in den Stuhlproben reichten von nicht nachweisbar bis 101,2 mg/kg. Für die Kultivierung aerober und anaerober Bakterien wurden ebenfalls Stuhlproben gewonnen. Während der Dauer der Piperacillin-Prophylaxe nahmen von den aeroben Bakterien Enterokokken, Streptokokken und Enterobakterien bei einem Viertel der Patienten ab; von den anaeroben Bakterien reduzierten sich z. B. Kokken, grampositive Stäbchen, Fusobakterien und Bacteroides bei zwei Drittel der Patienten. Nach der Applikations-phase von Piperacillin stellte sich bei den meisten Patienten wieder dasselbe Verteilungsmuster aerober und anaerober Kolonflora ein wie vorher. Bei zwei Patienten traten postoperative Infektionen durchEscherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Bacteroides fragilis, Peptokokken und Peptostreptokokken auf.
    Notes: Summary Piperacillin was given parenterally in doses of 4 g every 8 h for two days to 20 patients undergoing colorectal surgery. A series of serum and fecal specimens were taken to analyse piperacillin concentrations. Tissue samples from the gut wall were taken during surgery. The maximum serum concentrations during surgery were reached 15 min after piperacillin administration. On Day 0 the mean half-life was 1.9 h and the mean area under the serum concentration curve was 536.8 mg/l. The piperacillin concentrations in the tissue samples ranged from 4.2 to 103.5 mg/kg. The tissue/serum ratio was 0.45. The piperacillin concentrations in the fecal samples ranged from not detectable to 101.2 mg/kg. Fecal samples were also collected during the investigation period for the cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Of the aerobic bacteria, enterococci, streptococci and enterobacteria decreased in one fourth of the patients during the prophylaxis period. Anaerobic bacteria, e. g. cocci, gram-positive rods, fusobacteria and bacteroides, decreased in two thirds of the patients during the same period. After the piperacillin administration period, the aerobic and anaerobic colon microflora returned to the pre-treatment pattern in most patients. Postoperative infections due toEscherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Bacteroides fragilis, peptococci and peptostreptococci occurred in two patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An einer schwedischen Universitätsklinik wurde ein Jahr lang eine prospektive Studie über Bakteriämie durchgeführt. Bei 3,6% aller eingewiesenen Patienten wurden Blutkulturen angelegt. Bei 142 Patienten (davon 59% Männer) fanden sich 148 Ereignisse mit Bakteriämie. Die mittlere Bakteriämie-Inzidenz betrug 4,3 Episoden auf 1000 Einweisungen. Bei 1,3% der positiven Blutkulturen lag eine Kontamination vor. Die häufigsten Diagnosen waren Malignome und Harnwegserkrankungen, die häufigsten prädisponierenden Faktoren chirurgische Eingriffe, Zentralvenenkatheter und Zytostatikatherapie. Im Krankenhaus und außerhalb des Krankenhauses erworbene Bakteriämien verhielten sich wie 1,3 : 1; die Letalität betrug 12,7%. Als häufigste pathogene Erreger fanden sich gramnegative Stäbchen aus der Familie derEnterobacteriaceae, als nächst-häufigsteStaphylococcus aureus undStaphylococcus epidermidis. Die verantwortlichen Erreger wiesen ein recht günstiges Empfindlichkeitsspektrum auf. Von denS. aureus-Stämmen war keiner resistent gegen Isoxazolyl-Penicilline oder Gentamicin. Nur einEscherichia coli-Stamm war gegen Gentamicin resistent, aber keiner der Klebsiella-Stämme. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit einer fünf Jahre früher durchgeführten, retrospektiven Studie über ein Jahr verglichen: Die Bakteriämie-Inzidenz hatte sich in der Zwischenzeit nicht geändert.
    Notes: Summary A one-year prospective study of bacteremia was carried out at a Swedish university hospital. Blood cultures were taken in 6.3% of all patients admitted to the hospital. 148 episodes of bacteremia were recorded in 142 patients, 59% of whom were males. The mean incidence of bacteremia was 4.3 episodes per 1,000 admissions. The incidence of contamination was 1.3%. Malignancy and urinary tract disorders were the most common diagnoses and surgical intervention, central venous catheters and cytostatic drugs the most common predisposing factors. The ratio of hospital to community-acquired bacteremia was 1.3:1. The fatality rate was 12.7%. Gram-negative rods belonging to theEnterobacteriaceae were the most common pathogens, followed byStaphylococcus aureus andStaphylococcus epidermidis. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the causative bacteria was quite favorable. NoS. aureus strains were resistant to isoxazolyl penicillins or gentamicin. No Klebsiella strain and only oneEscherichia coli strain was resistant to gentamicin. The results were compared to a one-year retrospective study carried out in the same hospital five years ago. The incidence of bacteremia had not increased between the two studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Xanthomonas maltophilia wurde bei 25 von 150 Patienten während eines Zeitraumes von 10 Jahren (1983–1992) isoliert. 12 Patienten hatten eine chronische Kolonisierung, das heißt bestehend während mehr als 6 Monaten. Prädisponierende Faktoren konnten bei der Analyse der klinischen Daten und Labordaten nicht festgestellt werden, frühere und gleichzeitige Kolonisierung mit anderen Bakterien, Lungenfunktion und biochemische Parameter inbegriffen. Bis zu 2 Jahre nachdem die chronische Kolonisierung etabliert worden war, fanden wir keine klinische Verschlechterung. Die langfristige Verlaufskontrolle (2–7 Jahre) zeigte, daß Patienten mitX. maltophilia meistens eine schlechtere Lungenfunktion hatten als Kontrollfälle, die mitPseudomonas aeruginosa kolonisiert worden waren (p〈0,05). Unsere Daten deuten an, daß bei Patienten mit zystischer FibroseX. maltophilia ein pathogener Erreger ist und die Kolonisierung nach demselben Muster zu erfolgen scheint wie die Kolonisierung mitP. aeruginosa. Die Entwicklung der Antibiotikaresistenz wurde durch Bestimmung der Hemmzonen im Verhältnis zu Antibiotikabehandlungen verfolgt.X. maltophilia zeigte eine herabgesetzte Empfindlichkeit gegen die meisten Antibiotika. In unserer Serie gab es eine markante Resistenzentwicklung gegen Ceftazidim und Tobramycin während der chronischen Kolonisierung.
    Notes: Summary Xanthomonas maltophilia was isolated from 25 of 150 patients with cystic fibrosis during a period of 10 years (1983–1992). Twelve patients harbouredX. maltophilia chronically, i.e. repeatedly for more than 6 months. No predisposing factors for the colonisation could be identified by studying the clinical and laboratory data of the patients, including preceding and concurrent bacterial colonisation with other bacteria, antibacterial treatments, pulmonary function and biochemical markers. Up to 2 years after the chronic colonisation was established no clinical deterioration could be verified, but the patients withX. maltophilia generally had a worse lung function at the latest follow-up (2–7 years after colonisation) than controls colonised withPseudomonas aeruginosa (p〈0.05). Our data imply thatX. maltophilia is a pathogen and the colonisation appears to follow the same pattern as the colonisation byP. aeruginosa. The development of resistance to different antibiotics, as revealed by analysis of the inhibition zones, was related to antibacterial treatment courses.X. maltophilia showed reduced sensitivity to the most commonly used antibiotics, ceftazidime and tobramycin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ampicillin and sulbactam were administered intravenously in 2 g and 1 g doses respectively every 8 h for two days to ten patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Drug concentrations were determined in serum, intestinal mucosa and faeces. The first dose was given at induction of anesthesia. The serum half-life was 2.1 h for ampicillin and 2.0 h for sulbactam on the first day. The concentrations in intestinal mucosa were in most cases 50 % or more of the serum concentrations and there was no statistical difference between the two drugs. Faecal concentrations of both drugs were found in eight patients: a mean of 10.5μ/g for ampicillin and a mean of 7.5μ/g for sulbactam. Faecal samples were also collected during the investigation period for culture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Among the aerobic bacteria enterococci, streptococci and enterobacteria decreased markedly during the prophylaxis period. Anaerobic bacteria were also suppressed significantly during the same period. The changes in colonic microflora were related to the concentrations of ampicillin and sulbactam in the intestinal mucosa and faeces. Overgrowth of yeasts was observed in six patients and overgrowth ofPseudomonas fluorescens in two others. These strains were resistant to the combination ampicillin and sulbactam. The microflora normalized in all patients after two weeks. No postoperative infections occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 4 (1985), S. 544-547 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The efficacy of the antimicrobial removal device in facilitating isolation of bacteria from blood containing antibiotics was evaluated in a multicenter study. Blood specimens from 143 patients who had culture-proven septicemia and had been on antibiotic treatment for at least 24 hours were recultured with and without the aid of the device. Septicemia persisted in 33 of the patients and use of the device improved the isolation rates: 63 % of the gram-positive bacteria and 32 % of the gram-negative bacteria were isolated only with the aid of the device. Use of the device was an advantage in 10 of 13 cases where the antibiotic concentration in the bottles exceeded the MIC for the infecting microorganism but in only 5 of 19 cases where the concentration was lower than the MIC. It is concluded that the antimicrobial removal device may be useful in patients already on antibiotic treatment, but that its use is limited by the cost and the amount of work involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 7 (1988), S. 135-143 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of ofloxacin on the microflora in saliva, gastric juice, and feces was evaluated in 24 patients undergoing gastric surgery. A single peroral dose of 400 mg ofloxacin was given to each patient 2–4 h before surgery. The concentrations of ofloxacin in serum, saliva, gastric juice, and gastric mucosa tissue were assayed. OnlyBranhamella cocci were affected in the saliva. In the gastric juice, both the aerobic and anaerobic flora were suppressed on the day of surgery, but increased in number afterwards. There was a significant correlation between gastric pH and the number of microorganisms isolated in the gastric juice on day 0. In faeces, the aerobic and part of the anaerobic flora were suppressed by the administration of ofloxacin. Ofloxacin was well tolerated by the patients. Four of 24 patients developed postoperative complications. Microorganisms isolated from wound sepsis and intraabdominal sepsis (three patients) wereStaphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococci group A,Streptococcus sp. andEscherichia coli. All related infections occurred in patients with very low ofloxacin serum concentrations, probably due to impaired absorption. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended in patients in whom impaired gastric emptying can be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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