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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 203 (1972), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Paramyotonia congenita (Eulenburg) ; Myotonia congenita (Thomsen) ; Electromyography ; Repetitive Stimulation ; Mechanical Muscle Twitch ; Muscle Disease ; Myopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurde ein 71jähriger Mann aus einer bisher noch nicht bekannten Familie mit Paramyotonia congenita. In Wärme bestand eine leichte Perkussionsmyotonie, aber keine Bewegungsbehinderung. Unter Abkühlung des Unterarmes kam es rasch zu der charakteristischen Muskelsteifheit und anschließenden Lähmung. Wiederholte Bewegung verstärkte die Parese, die sich auch noch nach Ende der Kühlung weiter ausbildete. Im EMG fanden sich bei Zimmertemperatur myotone Entladungsserien. Unter Abkühlung nahmen die Entladungen vorübergehend zu. Es bestand aber keine dem Ausmaß der Muskelsteifigkeit entsprechende elektrische Aktivität. Spontane und willkürliche Aktivität verringerten sich mit zunehmender Lähmung und waren schließlich fast erloschen. Im Mechanogramm zeigte sich anfangs schon bei geringer Kälteeinwirkung ein Kraftverlust, während die elektrische Amplitude noch wenig abgesunken war. Bei repetitiver Reizung kurz nach Ende der Abkühlung ermüdete der Muskel rasch und hochgradig, was bei Zimmertemperatur nicht der Fall war. Wahrscheinlich greift der durch Kälte getriggerte pathologische Prozeß unmittelbar an der contractilen Substanz des Muskels an. Die neurophysiologischen Befunde unterscheiden sich deutlich von denen bei Myotonia congenita (Thomsen).
    Notes: Summary The case of a 71 years old male patient with paramyotonia congenita is described. There was no occurence of spontaneous paresis at room temperature. Lowering the temperature, a loss of muscle power became perceivable in the mechanogram while, at the beginning there was only a slight depression in amplitude of the evoked action potential. After termination of the cooling paresis became even more pronounced. Electric activity too faded away almost entirely. Repetitive stimulation showed a marked fatigability of the muscle. — The findings seem to indicate a direct influence of low temperature on the contractible substance of the muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Myotonia congenita ; Myotonia atrophica ; Nerve stimulation ; Muscle tension ; Myotonic muscle fibre activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die ersten Muskelkontraktionen nach Ruhe führen bei Myotonie-Patienten zu einer vorübergehenden Bewegungsbehinderung. Diese wird vorwiegend im Zusammenhang mit der gleichzeitig auftretenden Steifigkeit des myotonen Muskels erklärt. Untersucht werden sollte die Frage, ob nicht die Bewegungsbehinderung zumindest teilweise durch eine vorübergehende Muskellähmung hervorgerufen wird. Bei 6 Patienten mit Myotonia congenita und 5 mit Dystrophia myotonica wurde nach 30 sec Muskelruhe eine repetitive Reizung am Nervus ulnaris durchgeführt. Das Muskelaktionspotential wurde vom Adductor pollicis abgeleitet und die Muskelkraft isometrisch am Daumen gemessen. 3 Patienten mit Myotonia congenita zeigten bei 15 und 25 c/sec unmittelbar nach Beginn der Reizung eine Lähmungsphase mit vorübergehendem Absinken des Muskelaktionspotentials und der Muskelspannung. Bei diesen Patienten war klinisch die myotone Bewegungsbehinderung besonders ausgeprägt. Bei Patienten mit leichterer Myotonie war die Lähmungsphase geringer vorhanden, ebenso bei den Fällen mit Dystrophia myotonica. Die Muskellähmung unter Serienreizung unterscheidet sich deutlich von den Befunden bei Myasthenia gravis und myasthenischem Syndrom. Die Impulsübertragung an der neuromuskulären Endplatte scheint intakt zu sein. Prostigmin und Guanidinhydrochlorid haben keinen Effekt. Procainamid und Magnesium bessern geringfügig. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich um eine Störung an der Muskelfaser selbst, möglicherweise um einen Depolarisationsblock an der Membran.
    Notes: Summary Muscle stiffness is one of the outstanding features of myotonia. Repetitive contraction of a muscle after rest leads to a state of rigidity. The patient is hardly able to continue his movements despite great efforts. This impediment of motility has hitherto been considered to be connected with the muscle stiffness. Clinical observation, however, discloses that the muscle stiffness in myotonia congenita is frequently accompanied by a transient paresis. The question is, therefore, whether the impediment of myotonic motility is partly caused by a temporary paresis of the muscle. We examined 6 patients with myotonia congenita and 5 patients with myotonia atrophica. Repetitive supramaximal stimuli were applied to the ulnar nerve after 30 min of muscle rest. The muscle action potentials were registered from the adductor pollicis. The muscle tension was measured isometrically at the thumb. Stimulation frequency: mostly 15 or 25 c/sec. Results: 3 patients with myotonia congenita manifested a clearly distinguishable temporary phase of paresis directly after stimulation was begun (Figs. 1–4). The amplitude of the action potentials and the muscle tension showed a rapid decline during the first 2 sec of stimulation. This period of paresis was noticeable to a lesser extent in patients with myotonia atrophica (Figs. 2 and 3). The fall in amplitude observed in the patients with myotonia differs distinctly from the findings in myasthenia gravis (Fig. 4). Neuromuscular transmission seems to remain intact. Prostigmine and guanidine hydrochloride have no effect. Procainamide and magnesium bring about a slight improvement. Probably the disturbance is due to an alteration of the muscle fibre membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 993-994 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Myotonia ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Myotonie ; Acetylcholinesterase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Aktivität der Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Serum und Erythrocyten wurde bei 10 Patienten mit verschiedenen Myotonie-Formen nach der Mikromethode von Meincke und Oettel bestimmt. Die gefundenen Aktivitätswerte liegen im oberen Normbereich und z.T. darüber. Die Befunde werden mit Angaben aus der Literatur verglichen. Es besteht kein Anhalt für die Vermutung, daß eine erniedrigte AChE-Aktivität in Serum und Erythorcyten für die Ätiologie der Myotonie verantwortlich ist.
    Notes: Summary The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum and erythrocytes was measured by the electrometric microtest of Meinecke and Oettel in 10 patients with various kinds of myotonia. The activity of the enzyme was found to be in the upper normal range, and occasionally higher. The findings are compared with data given in the literature. There is no evidence justifying the presumption that myotonia is due to a lowered AChE-activity in serum or erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Borrelia burgdorferi ; Myelitis ; Spasmodic myoclonus ; Stiff man syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight weeks after a tick bite, a 33-year-old male patient presented with stiffness of one leg together with spasmodic painful jerks resembling stiff man syndrome. Isolated myelitis of lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord, apparently confined to the grey matter, was diagnosed and its spirochaetal aetiology confirmed by serology and CSF findings. Oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF specific for Borrelia burgdorferi were found. Thus, there is evidence that B. burgdorferi ist able to cause a localized myelitis, probably of spinal interneurons, presenting as a partial stiff man syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Stiff man syndrome ; Progressive encephalomyelitis ; Spasms ; Muscle tone ; Glutamic acid decarboxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical, biochemical, neuroimaging and neurophysiological findings of eight patients with stiff man syndroms (SMS) [four of six being tested with autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)] are presented. In two patients (one GAD-positive, one GAD-negative), transient oculomotor disturbances suggested progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) as differential diagnosis. The catalogue of characteristic clinical symptoms of SMS is extended by three new symptoms: (1) an aura-like feeling reported by five patients to precede spontaneous spasmodic attacks; (2) a stereotyped motor pattern seen in seven patients during spasmodic jerks, consisting of brief opisthotonos, stiffening of the slightly abducted legs and inversion of the plantar-flexed feet; (3) a paroxysmal fear when crossing a free space unaided, or even thinking of it. Clinical findings did not enable us to discriminate between patients tested GAD-positive or GAD-negative. Cerebrospinal fluid contained elevated immunoglobulin levels or cell counts, or both, in the majority of patients. Autopsy of one patient revealed scattered lymphocyte cuffs around leptomeningeal, intracerebral and particularly intraspinal vessels, suggesting a mild inflammatory process. Whether SMS and PERM are closely related is discussed; they are possibly both manifestations of a spectrum of encephalomyelopathies having autoimmunity against GABAergic neurons in common.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 233 (1986), S. 161-163 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Visual evoked potential ; Alcoholism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were studied in 80 chronic alcoholics and in 43 normal subjects. In the patient group, P2 latencies and inter-eye differences were found above the 98% confidence limit in 30%, and above the 99.9% confidence limit in 10%. An abnormal waveform was observed in 12.5% and 7.5% of the patients. VEP abnormalities showed some statistical correlation with the γ-type of alcoholism of Jellinek, but almost no correlation was observed with a variety of clinical and laboratory data. This suggests that VEP abnormalities are unrelated to other toxic effects of alcohol on the peripheral and central nervous systems or on metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 134-142 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Stiff man syndrome ; Myoclonus ; Spasticity ; Rigidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neurophysiological findings in eight patients with the stiff man syndrome (SMS), including four of six tested with autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, are presented. Neurophysiological findings did not make it possible to discriminate between patients with and those without autoimmunity against GABAergic neurons. Investigation of mono-and polysynaptic reflexes revealed abnormal results in a variable number of SMS patients, the abnormalities largely corresponding to those seen in spastic paresis. A stereotyped motor response to electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves was recorded from the trunk muscles of all patients investigated. This response was termed spasmodic reflex myoclonus and consisted of a sequence of 1–3 synchronous myoclonic bursts, 60–70 ms after median nerve stimulation, followed by a tonic decrescendo activity over a number of seconds. The recruitment order of muscles along the neuraxis in spasmodic reflex myoclonus suggested that the latter was generated in the spinal cord and conveyed via propriospinal tracts. It is thought that spasmodic reflex myoclonus may serve not only as a diagnostic tool, but also as a key to understanding some aspects of the pathophysiology of both spasms and stiffness in SMS. It is speculated that stiffness is a fragment of spasms, both being generated by common neuronal mechanisms tentatively ascribed to interneurons in the spinal grey matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 236 (1989), S. 120-122 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Spasticity ; Ataxia ; Cannabinoids ; Flexor reflex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The chronic motor handicaps of a 30-year-old multiple sclerosis patient acutely improved while he smoked a marihuana cigarette. This effect was quantitatively assessed by means of clinical rating, electromyographic investigation of the leg flexor reflexes and electromagnetic recording of the hand action tremor. It is concluded that cannabinoids may have powerful beneficial effects on both spasticity and ataxia that warrant further evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Internist 41 (2000), S. 455-459 
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Stiff-Man-Syndrom (SMS) ; Stiff-Limb-Syndrom (SLS) ; Enzephalomyelitis, progressive ; Autoimmunerkrankungen, Enzephalomyelitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Das Stiff-Man-Syndrom (SMS) ist durch fluktuierende muskuläre Rigidität und Spasmen ohne zunächst weitere neurologische Symptome gekennzeichnet. Treten aber neurologische Symptome hinzu, liegt als „Plus”- Variante des SMS eine progressive Enzephalomyelitis mit Rigidität und Myoklonien (PERM) vor. Der Befall nur einer Gliedmaße ist eine „Minus”-Variante und wird als Stiff-Limb-Syndrom (SLS) bezeichnet. Rechnet man die Prävalenz des SMS im Heidelberger Raum hoch, dürfte es hierzulande ca. 500–800 Patienten (übrigens auch weibliche!) mit SMS geben. Über Epidemiologie, Klinik, Diagnostik, Differentialdiagnose und Therapie wird im folgenden ein Überblick gegeben. Dagegen werden immunologische Gesichtspunkte eingehend in der Arbeit von J. Seissler et al. in diesem Heft des INTERNIST behandelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 233 (1986), S. 340-347 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Stiff-man syndrome ; Exteroceptive reflexes ; Adrenergic drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a patient with the stiff-man syndrome, abnormal exteroceptive reflexes in hand and arm muscles were used as a tool for investigating the effects of various centrally acting adrenergic drugs by means of acute testing. Clonidine, tizanidine and methamphetamine induced reflex suppression whereas reserpine had a biphasic effect: transient reflex suppression and delayed reflex enhancement. The drug actions on the reflexes paralleled to some degree those on the muscle stiffness. It is concluded that alpha-adrenergic stimulation leads to reflex suppression and muscular relaxation, whereas alpha-adrenergic blockade has the opposite effect. Correspondingly, long-term oral treatment with the alpha-stimulator, tizanidine, proved successful. The hypothesis is put forward that a noradrenergic system which exerts a net inhibitory influence on muscle tone and on exteroceptive reflexes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the stiff-man syndome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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