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Serum Albumin and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Older Men and Women: The Rancho Bernardo Study (1998)

Lunde, A. V. ; Barrett-Connor, E. ; Morton, D. J.

Springer

Osteoporosis international 8 (1998), S. 547-551

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ISSN: 1433-2965

Keywords: Key words:Albumin – Bone mineral density – Elderly – Osteoporosis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract: Serum albumin has been found to be positively correlated with bone mass in small studies of ambulatory men or women with diagnosed osteoporosis. In this study the relation between serum albumin and bone mineral density (BMD) was examined in 1593 white, community-dwelling men and women aged 50–95 years. BMD was determined using single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) at the ultradistal radius and the midshaft radius, and using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the hip and spine. Albumin was measured from a fasting blood sample using the Technicon SMA 12 autoanalyzer. Mean albumin levels in both men and women decreased significantly with increasing age. All but four values were within the normal range (3.5–5.0 g/dl). BMD decreased with increasing age at all sites. In both sexes there was weak positive correlation between serum albumin and BMD in the unadjusted model (Pearson's rvalues 〈0.3, p values 〈0.005). After age adjustment, however, the relationship was no longer significant (Pearson's r values 〈0.05, p values 〉0.18). Men and women were divided into three sex-specific categories – osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal – based on World Health Organization criteria in relation to young adult means (normal, BMD 〉 –1 SD; osteopenia, BMD between –1 SD and –2.5 SD; osteoporosis, BMD 〈–2.5 SD). Mean albumin values did not differ significantly across the three BMD categories in men or women. BMD levels stratified for albumin levels and calcium supplement status (a marker for osteoporosis awareness) also did not differ. Albumin levels were also not associated with a history of low-trauma fractures. In summary, there was no age-independent association between serum albumin within the normal range and low BMD or fractures in community-dwelling healthy older adults. We conclude that previously reported associations most likely reflect inadequate adjustment for the age-related decrease in albumin levels and the selection of very frail osteoporotic subjects.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050097

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A new 3D finite element for adaptive h-refinement in 1-irregular meshes (1995)

Morton, D. J. ; Tyler, J. M. ; Dorroh, J. R.

Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3989-4008

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ISSN: 0029-5981

Keywords: adaptive FEM ; 1-irregular meshes ; Engineering ; Engineering General

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Mathematics , Technology

Notes: A new finite element, viable for use in the three-dimensional simulation of transient physical processes with sharply varying solutions, is presented. The element is intended to function in adaptive h-refinement schemes as a versatile transition between regions of different refinement levels, ensuring interelement continuity by constructing a piecewise linear solution at the element boundaries, and retaining all degrees of freedom in the solution phase. Construction of the element shape functions is described, and a numerical example is presented which illustrates the advantages of using such an element in an adaptive refinement problem. The new element can be used in moving-front problems, such as those found in reservoir engineering and groundwater flow applications.

Additional Material: 20 Ill.