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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelation between plasma testosterone and plasma insulin in healthy adult men: the Telecom Study (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; insulin resistance ; testosterone ; androgens ; healthy men ; cardiovascular risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma insulin is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in men. We investigated the association between plasma testosterone and plasma insulin in an occupational sample of 1292 healthy adult men. Total plasma testosterone decreased with each decade of age and insulin increased with each decade of age. In these cross-sectional data, this significant graded inverse association between testosterone and insulin was independent of age. The association was reduced but not explained by the addition of obesity and subscapular skinfold to the model. Adjustment for alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and plasma glucose did not materially alter the association. These results are the reverse of the positive association of androgens with insulin in women and suggest alternative possible explanations for the effect of hyperinsulinaemia on cardiovascular disease risk. Prospective studies will be necessary to determine the direction and causal nature of this association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402551
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation in fasting plasma glucose levels in man (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 22 (1982), S. 250-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Community study ; fasting plasma glucose ; obesity ; seasonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A Southern California community study of 4,541 men and women (aged 20–79 years) showed significant seasonal variation in fasting plasma glucose. There was a mean 0.6 mmol/l difference between highest levels in winter and lowest levels in spring. This difference was consistent over a two-year period, similar at all ages and seen in both men and women. Fasting plasma glucose levels correlated directly with percentage possible sunshine (p= 0.03) and inversely with temperature (p= 0.04). Adjustment for the level of measured obesity did not alter the observed association, but a history of recent weight gain corresponded to the season of maximum fasting plasma glucose level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281300
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risks and Benefits of Replacement Estrogen (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 43 (1992), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.43.020192.001323
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biocultural context of social networks and depression among the elderly
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Social Science & Medicine 30 (1990), S. 441-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0277-9536
    Keywords: depression ; elderly ; sex ; social networks
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0277-9536(90)90346-T
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An 18-year prospective study of dietary calcium and bone mineral density in the hip (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 364-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The object of this study was to determine whether a single 24-hour diet recall of calcium intake obtained an average of 18 years previously would predict bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip in older men and women. A prospective population-based cohort study was done in Rancho Bernardo, California. Between 1973 and 1975, a 24-hour diet recall was obtained in 140 men and 220 women aged 45 and older by a trained interviewer using food models and containers. Responses were coded by the Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota. Between 1988 and 1991, BMD in the femoral neck, trochanter, and intertrochanter was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results showed that age-adjusted mean BMD levels increased significantly with increasing tertile of calcium intake at all hip sites in women, with the most striking difference at the femoral neck. These associations persisted after adjustment for body mass index, smoking, exercise, alcohol intake, use of estrogen replacement therapy, and number of years postmenopausal. No significant trends were seen for men at any hip site. It is concluded that low dietary calcium predicts low BMD in older women independent of other major determinants of BMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301603
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (SCORE) in Older Caucasian Women: The Rancho Bernardo Study (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 10 (1999), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Fracture – Osteoporosis – Postmenopausal women – SCORE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Osteoporosis is a major health problem in older women. A risk assessment tool, the Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (SCORE), has been developed to identify postmenopausal women likely to have low bone mass who should be referred for bone densitometry. The objective of this study was to calculate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of SCORE in a community-dwelling sample of older women. A total of 1013 postmenopausal Caucasian women aged 44–98 years provided a standard medical history including history of osteoporotic fractures and medication use. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the femoral neck using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In accordance with the SCORE protocol, low BMD was defined as 2 or more standard deviations below the mean BMD in healthy young women. Among these older women (mean age = 72.5 years), 67% had low BMD. Using the recommended SCORE cutpoint of 6, the sensitivity of SCORE was 98% but the specificity was only 12.5%. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 69% and 75%, respectively, meaning that all but 5.5% of the women would be recommended for bone densitometry. Increasing the cutpoint of 11, based on ethnicity and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, reduced sensitivity to 80% but improved specificity to 46%. The PPV and NPV were 75% and 53%, respectively, meaning that bone scans would not be recommended for 28% of the women. However, 13% of the women with low BMD would be missed. Analyses restricted to women 〈74 years of age reduced the rate of recommended bone densitometry but increased the number of women with low BMD who would be missed. We conclude that SCORE has limited value as a method for appropriately referring older ambulatory women for bone densitometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050198
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Prospective Study of Bone Loss in Menopausal Australian-Born Women (1998)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 8 (1998), S. 282-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone density – Bone loss – Hip – Menopause – Perimenopause – Spine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Two hundred and twenty-four women (74 pre-, 90 peri-, 60 post-menopausal), aged 46–59 years, from a population-based cohort participated in a longitudinal study of bone mineral density (BMD). BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck and the time between bone scans was on average 25 (range 14–41) months. The aim of the study was to assess changes in BMD in relation to changes in normal menopausal status. During the study period women who were between 3 and 12 months past their last menstrual period (n= 22, late perimenopausal) at the time of the second bone scan had a mean (SE) annual change in BMD of 70.9% (0.4%) at the lumbar spine and 70.7% (0.6%) at the femoral neck (both p50.05 compared with women who remained premenopausal). In the women who became postmenopausal (n= 42) the mean annual changes in BMD were 72.5% (0.2%) at the lumbar spine and 71.7% (0.2%) at the femoral neck (both p50.0005), and in the women who remained postmenopausal (n= 60) they were 70.7% (0.2%) per year and 70.5% (0.3%) per year respectively (both p50.05), compared with women who remained premenopausal. In the 1–3 years after the final menstrual period (FMP) there was greater bone loss from the lumbar spine than the femoral neck (p50.05). In women who were menstruating at the time of the second bone scan and whose FMP could be dated prospectively (n= 35), higher baseline oestradiol levels were associated with less lumbar spine bone loss (p50.005). In the women who remained postmenopausal there was an association between baseline body mass index (BMI) and percentage change per year in femoral neck BMD (p50.05), such that women with higher BMI had less bone loss. In conclusion, during the time of transition from peri- to post-menopause, women had accelerated BMD loss at both the hip and spine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050066
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum Albumin and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Older Men and Women: The Rancho Bernardo Study (1998)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 8 (1998), S. 547-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Albumin – Bone mineral density – Elderly – Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Serum albumin has been found to be positively correlated with bone mass in small studies of ambulatory men or women with diagnosed osteoporosis. In this study the relation between serum albumin and bone mineral density (BMD) was examined in 1593 white, community-dwelling men and women aged 50–95 years. BMD was determined using single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) at the ultradistal radius and the midshaft radius, and using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the hip and spine. Albumin was measured from a fasting blood sample using the Technicon SMA 12 autoanalyzer. Mean albumin levels in both men and women decreased significantly with increasing age. All but four values were within the normal range (3.5–5.0 g/dl). BMD decreased with increasing age at all sites. In both sexes there was weak positive correlation between serum albumin and BMD in the unadjusted model (Pearson's rvalues 〈0.3, p values 〈0.005). After age adjustment, however, the relationship was no longer significant (Pearson's r values 〈0.05, p values 〉0.18). Men and women were divided into three sex-specific categories – osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal – based on World Health Organization criteria in relation to young adult means (normal, BMD 〉 –1 SD; osteopenia, BMD between –1 SD and –2.5 SD; osteoporosis, BMD 〈–2.5 SD). Mean albumin values did not differ significantly across the three BMD categories in men or women. BMD levels stratified for albumin levels and calcium supplement status (a marker for osteoporosis awareness) also did not differ. Albumin levels were also not associated with a history of low-trauma fractures. In summary, there was no age-independent association between serum albumin within the normal range and low BMD or fractures in community-dwelling healthy older adults. We conclude that previously reported associations most likely reflect inadequate adjustment for the age-related decrease in albumin levels and the selection of very frail osteoporotic subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050097
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hand Ultrasound for Osteoporosis Screening in Postmenopausal Women (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 203-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words: Bone density – Osteoporosis – Phalanx – Screening – Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: There is a need for low-cost screening methods to detect low bone mass (osteopenia or osteoporosis) in postmenopausal women. The utility of quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) of the hand was assessed for osteoporosis screening using the WHO criteria. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in 206 postmenopausal Mexican-American women at the total hip and lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) was measured in the phalanges by QUS. Subjects identified by DXA as having osteopenia or osteoporosis had significantly lower AD-SoS values in comparison with normals. Estrogen users had significantly higher spine and hip BMD and AD-SoS values compared with non-estrogen users. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) for AD-SoS to screen for osteoporosis (T-score ≤−2.5) at the spine or hip were 0.73 for all subjects, 0.74 for estrogen users and 0.68 for non-estrogen users. The AUC for non-estrogen users to screen for osteopenia (T-score −1 to −2.5) was 0.77. Performance comparisons of AD-SoS with SCORE (a risk factor questionnaire) and body weight showed AUC values of 0.73, 0.69 and 0.65, respectively. QUS was the superior screening test when considering both the AUC and the shape of the ROC curves. For non-estrogen users, the group at higher risk for osteoporosis, QUS correctly identified 31% as normal, and 62% as having low bone mass and needing DXA referral; and the remaining 7% were false negatives. These data suggest phalangeal QUS can be effectively used for screening osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050282
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