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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of oral hypoglycaemic drugs on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in borderline diabetic patients (1978)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 15 (1978), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Randomized clinical trial ; borderline diabetes ; oral hypoglycaemic drugs ; glucose tolerance ; insulin secretion ; dimethylbiguanide ; sulphonylurea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A double blind controlled clinical trial was undertaken to test the effectiveness of oral hypoglycaemic drugs in improving blood glucose and plasma insulin levels of borderline diabetic patients. Between 1969 and 1971, 120 men aged 25 to 55 with borderline impairment of glucose tolerance according to standard criteria at 2 successive oral glucose tolerance tests entered the study. They were randomized into 4 groups according to treatment: dimethylbiguanide + glibenclamide (n=29), placebo B + glibenclamide (n=28), placebo S + dimethylbiguanide (n=30), placebo B + S (n= 33). In each group drugs were taken twice a day before breakfast and lunch at a total dosage of 1.7 g/ day dimethylbiguanide and/or 4 mg/day glibenclamide. Treatment was stopped after 2 years. Patients returned 2 months after entry into the trial, then every 4 months for 2 years. Treatment was continued up to each oral glucose tolerance test except before the last test (drugs stopped 15 days before). 29 patients weighed 20% or more over their ideal body weight and 23 between 10% and 20%. After a dietary survey, these men were subjected to a total colorie restricted diet according to their excess weight. Results indicate that during the 2 years of treatment, no significant lasting effect of the biguanide on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels was detectable. During the oral glucose tolerance test at 14 months in the groups receiving sulphonylurea a significant decrease of blood glucose levels was observed at 0, 180 and 240 min. Glibenclamide had no effect on weight reduction while biguanide administration was accompanied by a significant weight reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01219646
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diabetic control in 102 insulin-treated out-patients (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 18 (1980), S. 447-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Haemoglobin A1c ; Insulin-dependent diabetes ; Blood glucose control ; Multiple insulin injections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Haemoglobin A1c concentrations were measured in 102 insulin-treated diabetic outpatients. Only 19% had Hb A1c levels below three standard deviations above the normal mean value (5.23±0.05%). There were no correlations between Hb A1c levels, random C-peptide immunoreactivity or age. A significant correlation (r = 0.49; p〈 0.001) was, however, observed between HbA1c and random plasma glucose levels. The mean random plasma glucose value was normal (89±18 mg/ 100 ml; 5±1 mmol/l) in the patients on insulin three times a day who had received short acting insulin 160 ±6 min before the sampling. — A significant inverse correlation was found (r = -0.26; p〈0.01) between the number of daily insulin injections and the HbA1c concentration. — These results suggest that the use of multiple daily insulin injections improves diabetic control. It should however be emphasised that the patients receiving multiple insulin injections were younger than those on the single injection regime and had lower plasma insulin antibody titres, different social and psychological status and a shorter duration of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261699
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is diabetes responsible for an increase of the mean red cell volume? (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 427-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252695
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship of plasma insulin levels to the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease mortality in a middle-aged population (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; coronary heart disease risk factors ; oral glucose tolerance test ; plasma insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible role of plasma insulin levels as a risk factor of coronary heart disease has been studied in a population of 7246 non diabetic, working men, aged 43–54 years, initially free from heart disease, and followed for 63 months on average. 128 new coronary heart disease events (non fatal myocardial infarction and coronary related deaths) were detected during this period. The annual risk is analysed by a multivariate model including age, serum cholesterol and triglycerides, blood pressure, smoking, obesity, plasma glucose and insulin fasting and 2 hours after a 75 g oral glucose load. It is shown that the fasting plasma insulin level and the fasting insulin-glucose ratio are positively associated with risk independent of the other factors. The same variables, 2 hours after the glucose load are also positively associated with risk but their contributions are not significant in the multivariate analysis. It is concluded that high insulin levels may constitute an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease complications in middle aged non diabetic men.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275270
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal hypoinsulinism as a cause of small infants of smoking mothers? (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 404-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280530
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seventh Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study Of Diabetes Southampton, England, September 15–17, 1971 Abstacts, Part 1 (1971)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 7 (1971), S. 467-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212066
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiological features of glycated haemoglobin A1c-distribution in a healthy population (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 864-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes diagnosis ; epidemiology ; glycated haemoglobin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary HbA1c was measured in 3240 healthy non-diabetic adult individuals in a working population. There was no difference in HbA1c between sexes. The distribution of HbA1c was approximately normal with a slight difference between mean and median values at all ages in both sexes. HbA1c increased with deterioration of glucose tolerance and with all the known risk factors for diabetes (age, obesity, family history of diabetes, history of a large newborn delivery); age but not body mass index appeared as a factor influencing HbA1c independently. In women, HbA1c levels rose particularly at the age of menopause but the use of oral contraceptives or oestrogens made no difference. In both sexes, HbA1c was higher in smokers than in non-smokers. No consistent seasonal variation was observed. Haematologic factors had a negligible influence on HbA1c level. HbA1c was more highly correlated with fasting plasma glucose than with 2 h-plasma/glucose (r=0.20 vs 0.11). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, age followed by fasting plasma glucose were the only two significant factors associated with the level of HbA1c. These data indicate that HbA1c is influenced only by factors closely linked to diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297451
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interrelation between plasma testosterone and plasma insulin in healthy adult men: the Telecom Study (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; insulin resistance ; testosterone ; androgens ; healthy men ; cardiovascular risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma insulin is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in men. We investigated the association between plasma testosterone and plasma insulin in an occupational sample of 1292 healthy adult men. Total plasma testosterone decreased with each decade of age and insulin increased with each decade of age. In these cross-sectional data, this significant graded inverse association between testosterone and insulin was independent of age. The association was reduced but not explained by the addition of obesity and subscapular skinfold to the model. Adjustment for alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and plasma glucose did not materially alter the association. These results are the reverse of the positive association of androgens with insulin in women and suggest alternative possible explanations for the effect of hyperinsulinaemia on cardiovascular disease risk. Prospective studies will be necessary to determine the direction and causal nature of this association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402551
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypoglycaemic reactions in 172 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 24 (1983), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hypoglycaemia ; Type 1 diabetes ; diabetes management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to discover the frequency, severity and causes of hypoglycaemic reactions in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. One hundred and seventy-two outpatients answered a questionnaire which also inquired about their feelings, opinions and fears with respect to insulin reactions. Hypoglycaemic reactions were common: a mild episode occurred at least once a month in 58% of patients, and at least one severe reaction (defined by the need of assistance) during the past year was described by 26%. Both were positively related to the duration of the disease. However, the occurrence of mild and severe attacks was not related. In addition, patients prone to mild hypoglycaemia seem to be somewhat different from patients prone to severe attacks in their attitudes towards the disease. For example, mild reactions are more frequent in patients devoted to ‘perfect’ control, whereas severe episodes were observed more frequently in those who did not think that controlling diabetes is a difficult task. The social consequences of any reaction, even mild, were important in 30% of the patients. Twenty-one percent of the patients said that the short-term risks of a hypoglycaemic reaction, even if correctly treated, were high and 6% said that the fear of having a reaction was unbearable. In addition to rational explanations, emotional factors were given as a cause of hypoglycaemia (14%), but 11% of cases felt that attacks occured without any obvious reason in spite of correct management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297389
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of drug-treated diabetes mellitus in Belgium (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 613-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Belgium ; epidemiology, prevalence, antidiabetic drugs, pharmacists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within the framework of a European concerted action on diabetes mellitus (EURODIAB SubArea C), an epidemiological study was established in Belgium in 1990 in order to estimate the prevalence of drug-treated diabetes mellitus. An assessment was made of the sales of insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs and the average daily dose used. A sample of people with diabetes, clients of 107 pharmacies, provided the data to establish average daily doses. Those pharmacies, spread over the 9 provinces of the country, represent 2% of all private pharmacies in Belgium. Over a 2 month period each pharmacist presented a questionnaire to each client receiving an antidiabetic drug. In 1990, 164 per 10,000 inhabitants were treated with antidiabetic drugs, which means that there were approximately 163,000 drug-treated diabetics in Belgium. At the time of the survey 65% of the diabetics in the sample were 60 years or older. Overall, 38% of drug-treated diabetics took insulin, and 30% of them took only human insulin. Treatment type varied by the province where the pharmacy was located. The provinces of Hainaut and Luxembourg-Namur had a higher percentage of diabetics on oral treatment. This is the first description in Belgium of the prevalence of drug-treated diabetes and of the pattern of prescribing of these drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02284959
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