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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; insulin resistance ; testosterone ; androgens ; healthy men ; cardiovascular risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma insulin is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in men. We investigated the association between plasma testosterone and plasma insulin in an occupational sample of 1292 healthy adult men. Total plasma testosterone decreased with each decade of age and insulin increased with each decade of age. In these cross-sectional data, this significant graded inverse association between testosterone and insulin was independent of age. The association was reduced but not explained by the addition of obesity and subscapular skinfold to the model. Adjustment for alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and plasma glucose did not materially alter the association. These results are the reverse of the positive association of androgens with insulin in women and suggest alternative possible explanations for the effect of hyperinsulinaemia on cardiovascular disease risk. Prospective studies will be necessary to determine the direction and causal nature of this association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Iron deficiency ; Iron supplementation ; Immune functions ; Cell-mediated immunity ; Interleukin-2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of iron deficiency on immunity remain controversial. This study was designed to assess the impact of iron supplementation on the immune status, in 81 children aged 6 months–3 years, at high risk for iron deficiency, using a longitudinal double blind randomised and placebo-controlled study. Lymphocytes of iron-deficient children produced less interleukin-2 in vitro. Iron supplementation for 2 months increased mean corpuscular volume, serum ferritin and serum transferrin, but had no effect on the parameters of T-cell mediated immunity. The lower interleukin-2 levels in iron-deficient suggest that cell-mediated immunity may be impaired in iron deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Keywords: Iron stores ; Red cell ferritin ; Serum ferritin, Elderly
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 98 (1991), S. 235-240 
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Body mass index ; Gynecological follow-up ; Hormone therapy replacement ; Menstrual blood losses ; Post-menopausal women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The determinants of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were studied in a cohort of recently postmenopausal women participating, in France, in a nutritional study (SU.VI.MAX Study). Analysis was performed-analysis on 592 women aged 45 years or more, who had undergone natural menopause which appeared in the 2 previous years. No differences were observed in education level, socio-professional categories, marital status, geographic residence, smoking habits, physical activity, or past contraceptive practice. Past regular gynecologic follow-up appeared to be the strongest determinant of HRT use (odds ratio [OR]: 3.18). Women who reported having had at least one of the studied pathologies (past history of breast cancer, phlebitis, anger, uterine fibroma, hypertension, diabetes or hypercholesterolemia), past abundant menstrual blood losses, and with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 were less likely to be taking HRT than women free of pathology, with no history of past abundant menstrual blood losses and with low BMI (OR respectively of 0.40, 0.64, 0.62). Women over 51.3 years of age were less likely to use HRT than younger women (OR: 0.92). Finally, in our population, while socio-economic level was not a major determinant of HRT use, the regularity of gynecological follow-up before menopause, overweight, and the existence of a definite or possible contra-indication were strong determinants of HRT use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; clonidine ; presynaptic α2-adrenoreceptors ; noradrenaline release ; synaptosomes ; medulla oblongata ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The release of3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA) evoked by high-K+ (15 mM) was studied in synaptosomes isolated from the medulla oblongata of the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive male rat (14 weeks old) using a superfusion apparatus. Based on concentration-response curves clonidine was shown to have a reduced ability to inhibit3H-NA release in synaptosomes isolated from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) versus the normotensive rat. Furthermore, only a high concentration of NPY (100 nM) had the ability to enhance the inhibitory effects of clonidine on3H-NA release in synaptosomes isolated from the medulla oblongata of the SH male rat, while 1 nM of NPY was effective in synaptosomes isolated from the medulla oblongata of the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat. These results may indicate a reduced presynaptic α2-adrenoceptor and NPY receptor function to inhibit3H-NA release from NA and/or adrenaline (A) nerve terminals in the medulla oblongata of the adult 14 weeks old SHR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; clonidine ; α2-autoreceptors ; α2-heteroreceptors ; noradrenaline release ; 5-hydroxytryptamine release ; synaptosomes ; hypothalamus ; cortex cerebri
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The release of3H-noradrenaline (3H-NA) and of3H-5-hydroxytryptamine (3H-5-HT) evoked by high-K+ (15 mM) was studied in synaptosomes isolated from the hypothalamus and the frontoparietal cortex of the male Sprague-Dawley rat using a superfusion apparatus. Based on concentration-response curves obtained by analyzing the full-time course of the inhibitory effects of clonidine on3H-NA and on3H-5-HT release neuropeptide Y (NPY) (1 nM) was shown to significantly increase the ability of clonidine to inhibit3H-NA release in synaptosomes isolated from the hypothalamus and from the frontoparietal cortex. NPY (1 nM) alone had no effect on K+-evoked3H-NA release from these regions. In contrast, NPY (1 nM) did not modulate the inhibitory effects of clonidine on3H-5-HT release in the above mentioned regions. These results indicate that NPY can increase the sensitivity of the α2-autoreceptors belonging to hypothalamic NA and/or to adrenaline nerve terminals and to cortical NA nerve terminals, while the α2-heteroreceptors inhibiting3H-HT release in the same brain regions appear not to be regulated by high affinity NPY receptors. Thus, α2-autoreceptors and α2-heteroreceptors appear to be differentially controlled by high affinity NPY receptors at least with regard to regulation of3H-NA and3H-5-HT release, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 78 (1989), S. 109-120 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; presynaptic 5-HT receptors ; 5-HT 1 and 5-HT 2 receptor binding ; superfused synaptosomes ; hippocampus ; hypothalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adrenal influence on serotonin (5-HT) transmission in the hippocampal and hypothalamic areas was studied in adrenalectomized rats receiving or not corticosterone replacement. After adrenalectomy, the 5-HT presynaptic receptors were desensitized both in hippocampus and hypothalamus: a significant increase in 5-HT 1 and 5-HT 2 receptor binding numbers took place in membranes from the hippocampus, but not in hypothalamus, while no changes in affinity of receptors to radioligands were observed in either brain area. Corticosterone treatment restored the adrenalectomy-impaired 5-HT autoreceptor sensitivity in hippocampus and hypothalamus and 5-HT density receptor sites in the hippocampus. Serotonin autoreceptor down-regulation following adrenalectomy may increase 5-HT release to maintain the constancy of serotonergic transmission in the brain and 5-HT modulated CRH-ACTH release to compensate the plasma corticosteroid drop. Corticosterone seems to display a distinct tonic control on serotonin transmission in both hippocampus and hypothalamus, the diversity being due to the different roles played by the hormone in these brain regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; presynapticα2-adrenoreceptors ; noradrenaline release ; superfused synaptosomes ; medulla oblongata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In studies on superfused synaptosomes from the rat medulla oblongata, the inhibitory effects of theα2-adrenergic agonist clonidine (0.1μM) on potassium (15 mM K+) induced3H-noradrenaline (NA) release was potentiated by 20%, when neuropeptide Y was added to the system. The effect of NPY was detectable at low concentrations (1 nM) and was not dose-dependent. Neuropeptide Y alone produced no significant effects on3H-NA release. The results may indicate the existence of a presynaptic NPY receptor on the noradrenaline and/or adrenaline nerve terminals, which may enhance the presynapticα2-adrenoreceptor function to inhibit3H-NA release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 15 (1959), S. 135-138 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto L'attività coleretica, nel ratto, dell'ac. 1,4 dicaffeilchinico (Cinarina) risulta per dosi di 15–30 mg/kg per intensità e durata sovrapponibile a quella del Na-deidrocolato in dosi equimolecolari, per dosi più elevate (75 a 100 mg/kg) più prolungata. La funzione escretrice del fegato non è sfavorevolmente influenzata dalla Cinarina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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