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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 31 (1979), S. 71-77 
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 55 (1982), S. 293-299 
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 98 (1986), S. 49-55 
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Key words Penetrating keratoplasty • Corneal ; topography • Astigmatism • Excimer laser trephination • Fourier analysis ; Schlüsselwörter Perforierende Keratoplastik • Topographie der Hornhaut • Astigmatismus • Excimer- Laser-Trepanation • Fourier-Analyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Hintergrund: Die semiquantitative Klassifizierung der Hornhauttopographie nach perforierender Keratoplastik bietet die Möglichkeit, neben dem keratometrischen oder topographischen Astigmatismusbetrag gebündelt Information über die flächige Brechkraftentwicklung der Hornhaut zu erhalten. Ziel der Studie war, den subjektiven semiquantitativen Prozeß der Klassifizierung auf der Basis von Fourier-Koeffizienten zu objektivieren und mit der subjektiven Klassifizierung zu korrelieren. Patienten und Methode: 50 Patienten (30 mit Keratokonus, 20 mit Fuchsscher Dystrophie) unterzogen sich einer nichtmechanischen Trepanation (Excimer-Laser MEL60, Aesculap-Meditec, Jena) im Rahmen einer perforierenden Keratoplastik. Alle Eingriffe (7,5 mm Trepanationsdurchmesser bei Fuchs, 8,0 mm bei Keratokonus, doppelt fortlaufende 10–0-Nylonnaht) wurden von demselben Operateur durchgeführt, prä-, intra- sowie postoperative Behandlung waren identisch. Im postoperativen Verlauf wurde der keratometrische Netto-Astigmatismus, die automatisierte Hornhauttopographieanalyse qualitativ und quantitativ sowie die Sehschärfe und Refraktion erfaßt. Die Hornhauttopographie wurde manuell semiquantitativ und auf der Basis von Fourier-Koeffizienten klassifiziert. Ergebnisse: Nach einer Beobachtungsdauer von 24 ± 5 Monaten stabilisierte sich der keratometrische Netto-Astigmatismus bei 3,0 bzw. 2,7 Dioptrien bei Keratokonus bzw. Fuchsscher Dystrophie. Qualitativ zeigte die Hornhauttopographie eine Regularisierung im zeitlichen Verlauf im Sinne einer Tendenz hin zu höherer Orthogonalität der Doppelkeulenstruktur sowie zu geringerer Unsymmetrie der Brechkräfte in gegenüberliegenden Hemimeridianen. Die semiquantitative Klassifizierung zeigte eine statistisch sichere Übereinstimmung mit der Klassifizierung auf der Basis von Fourier-Koeffizienten, besonders bei hohem Astigmatismus und nach Fadenentfernung (p = 0,04/0,01 vor/nach Fadenentfernung). Schlußfolgerung: Nach nichtmechanischer Keratoplastik läßt sich die semiquantitative Klassifizierung der Hornhauttopographie insbesondere bei höheren Astigmatismuswerten mit hoher statistischer Sicherheit aus den Fourier-Koeffizienten ableiten. Zukünftig könnte dieses Verfahren zur Abschätzung des potentiellen Visus nach Keratoplastik beitragen.
    Notes: Background: Semiquantitative classification of corneal topography after penetrating keratoplasty has the potential for focusing information about the areal dioptric power of the cornea. The purpose of this study was to objectify the procedure of manual semiquantitative classification using a Fourier transform of corneal topography power data and to correlate both methods. Patients and methods: Fifty patients each (30 keratoconus, 20 Fuchs dystrophy) underwent nonmechanical trephination (excimer laser MEL60, Aesculap-Meditec, Jena) in penetrating keratoplasty. All procedures (7.5-mm trephination diameter in Fuchs, 8.0 mm in keratoconus, double-running 10–0 nylon suture) were done by one surgeon. Pre-, intra- and postoperative treatment were identical. At the follow-up examinations, the keratometric astigmatism, qualitative and quantitative criteria of the automatic videokeratography, visual acuity and refraction were assessed. Corneal topography was classified both manually and based on Fourier coefficients. Results: After a mean follow-up of 24 ± 5 months, keratometric net astigmatism was 3.0 and 2.7 D with keratoconus and Fuchs dystrophy. Corneal topography analysis showed a higher orthogonality of the bow-tie shape and less asymmetry between opposite hemimeridians with increasing follow-up after keratoplasty. The semiquantitative classification showed a statistically significant correlation with the classification based on Fourier coefficients, especially with higher astigmatism and after suture removal (P = 0.04/0.01 before/after suture removal). Discussion: After nonmechanical trephination, the semiquantitative classification of corneal topography can be synthetized using Fourier analysis of corneal dioptric power data. In the future, this method may be favored for prediction of potential best-corrected visual acuity after penetrating keratoplasty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hornhautendothel ; Spiegelmikroskopie ; Automatisierte Videobildanalyse ; Reliabilität ; Validität ; Key words Corneal endothelium ; Specular microscopy ; Automated video image analysis ; Reliability ; Validity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Purpose: This prospective study was designed to test the reproducibility of a new automated technique for analyzing the corneal endothelium and to assess the validity of the technique by comparing it with a standard method. Subjects and methods: We used a contact specular microscope combined with a video camera (Tomey EM-1000) and a computer (IBM compatible PC, 486DX33) with suitable software (Tomey EM-1100, version 0.94). Video images of the corneal endothelium (area: 0.312 mm2) were passed directly into the computer input by means of a frame grabber and were automatically processed. The area to be analyzed could be varied by location and size (5580 – 135,150 µm2), depending on the quality of the image. Healthy corneas of 67 volunteers (age: 30.9±8.6 years) were examined. One examiner measured cell density three times in each of 42 eyes (retest-stability); three different examiners made one measurement in each of 25 eyes (objectivity). We evaluated the cell density determined by the computer after automated analysis and assessed the corrected cell density. This second result was obtained after the examiner had corrected the processed image by drawing in cell boundaries that the computer had not recognized or erasing cell boundaries the computer had sketched in by mistake. Additionally, a photograph of the corneal endothelium (specular microscope Bio Optics LSM 2000 A) was obtained from 40 volunteers to be used for manual cell counting applying a ,,fixed-frame`` technique (validity). Results: The corrected values showed a high retest-stability (reliability coefficient r = 0.943) and a high objectivity (r = 0.904). The values obtained by the automated method (2415±214 cells/mm2) did not differ significantly from those obtained by manual cell counting (2431±228 cells /mm2) (P = 0.898). The uncorrected values (2252±190 cells/mm2) were on average 7.2±2.6% lower than the corrected ones (177±69 cells/mm2). Retest-stability (r = 0.856) and objectivity (r = 0.737) of the uncorrected values were satisfactory. The uncorrected value was significantly lower than the value of manual cell counting (P〈0.001). The size of the analyzed area (range 12,750 – 84,708 µm2; average 31,438±10,655 µm2) had no significant effect on cell density (Spearman's correlation coefficient k = –0.150, P = 0.093). Conclusion: The automated method for analyzing the corneal endothelium quickly produces valid, reproducible results in normal corneas, provided that the correction mode of the software is applied.
    Notes: Ziel dieser prospektiven Studie war die Prüfung der Reproduzierbarkeit eines automatisierten Verfahrens der Hornhautendothelanalyse und die Beurteilung seiner Validität im Vergleich zu einer Standardmethode. Personen und Methoden: Verwendet wurde ein Kontaktspiegelmikroskop mit integrierter Videokamera (Tomey EM-1000) und ein Computer (IBM kompatibler PC, 486DX33) mit zugehöriger Software (Tomey EM-1100, Version 0.94). Grundprinzip des Verfahrens ist die direkte Überführung eines Videoendothelbilds (Fläche: 0,312 mm2) in ein digitalisiertes Computerbild und dessen automatisierte Prozessierung unter Umgehung einer Filmvorlage. Die Methode wurde bei 67 Probanden mit unauffälliger Hornhaut (Alter: 30,9±8,6 Jahre) angewendet. Bei 42 Normalprobanden wurde die Zelldichte 3mal von demselben Untersucher (Retest-Stabilität), bei 25 Probanden je 1mal von 3 verschiedenen Untersuchern (Objektivität) bestimmt. Festgehalten wurden der nach Analyse des Rohbilds vom Rechner ermittelte Zelldichtewert sowie ein 2. Wert nach Korrektur des prozessierten Bilds durch den Untersucher. Zusätzlich wurde die Endothelzelldichte anhand von Photographien (Spiegelmikroskop Bio Optics LSM 2000 A) in Fixed-frame-Technik durch manuelles Auszählen ermittelt (Validität). Ergebnisse: Bezüglich der korrigierten Zelldichtewerte waren sowohl die Reteststabilität (Reliabilitätskoeffizient r = 0,943) als auch die Objektivität (r = 0,904) hoch. Die Werte der automatisierten Methode (2415±214 Zellen/mm2) und nach manuellem Auszählen (2431±228 Zellen/mm2) waren nicht signifikant verschieden (p = 0,898). Die mittlere Abweichung betrug 3,3±2,4%, wobei keine systematische Abweichung in eine Richtung vorlag. Die unkorrigierten Zelldichtewerte (2252±190 Zellen/mm2) lagen im Mittel um 7,2±2,6% unter den korrigierten. Bezüglich der unkorrigierten Werte waren die Reteststabilität (r = 0,856) und die Objektivität (r = 0,737) zufriedenstellend. Der unkorrigierte Wert war gegenüber dem durch manuelles Auszählen ermittelten Wert signifikant erniedrigt (p〈0,001). Schlußfolgerung: Das getestete Endothelanalyseverfahren liefert bei normaler Hornhaut schnell zuverlässige und reproduzierbare Ergebnisse, vorausgesetzt, daß vom Korrekturmodus der Software Gebrauch gemacht wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 15 (1982), S. 39-62 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Summary This report was drafted in the course of work undertaken by RILEM technical committee 23-GP and constitutes quite an exhaustive review of methods used for analysis (determination of chemical and mineralogical composition) of natural, synthetic or residual calcium sulphates and commercial plasters before and after hardening. The different points examined include: - the preparations of samples: the sampling itself, method of drying and determination of saturation water (or free water) procedure for forming a solution in order to determine chemical composition; - the determination of basic constituents: SO3, CaO, crystallization water; - the determination of impurities: alkalines, alkaline clay, iron, aluminium, chlorides, CO2 and carbonates, silica and clays, phosphorus, fluorine, boron, organic matter. Apart from conventional physical methods used in analytical chemistry (nephelometry, colorimetry, potentiometry, atomic absorption, flame photometry), information is given concerning results obtained with certain particular techniques (emission spectrography, fluorescence and spectrometry, X-ray emission and microprobe) but these techniques call for rather costly equipment; - the determination of mineralogical composition (dihydrate, hemihydrate, anhydrate III or II contents) which can be carried out by computation using elementary chemical analysis data or by using physico-chemical techniques (gravimetry and thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, calorimetry, thermodilatometry) to bring about phase changes (dehydration, rehydration) of the different constituents present in the sample. The minnralogical composition is then determined by computation using the results obtained or from prior calibration on samples of known mineralogical composition. Other physico-chemical methods (spectrography of infrared absorption, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy) are used to determine contents at different phases and to identify them (gypsum, hemihydrate, anhydrite, impurities such as silica, carbonates, clay minerals). The characterization of hemihydrates α and β (materials which differ through their state of crystallization) can be carried out by X-ray diffraction, DTA, thermodilatometry or optical microscopy). This report stresses the wide range of analytical methods available but not every laboratory is equipped for the more complex techniques. The survey should therefore serve as a basis for drafting a RILEM recommendation concerning the method to follow in the analysis of calcium sulphates and derived materials in so far as the present publication incites industrial laboratories to put forward complementary information and opinions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 24 (1991), S. 369-379 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary After hardening, β-hemihydrate plasters are essentially macroporous materials (r〉100 nm) and constitute media into which liquid water can easily migrate. The aim of the present work was to try to remedy such an inconvenience by incorporating into the material, before hardening, finely divided solids such as clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, muscovite, talc, sepiolite and attapulgite) or a thermally activated clay mineral (metakaolinite) added or not with calcium hydroxide or ordinary Portland cement. The research has allowed us to point out that the abovementioned solids decrease both the pore size distribution and, except for metakaolinite-lime addition, the water migration rate into the material. Results concerning the last point have been obtained by using an original experimental set-up allowing the study of water migration with variable hydraulic charge. A theoretical modelling of the phenomenon, taking into account experimental values of permeability coefficient, pore size distribution and total open porosity of the materials, has been proposed.
    Notes: Résumé Les plâtres β sont, après consolidation, des matériaux essentiellement macroporeux (r〉100 nm) donc constituent des milieux dans lesquels l’eau liquide peut facilement migrer. L’objectif du travail a été d’essayer de remédier à cet inconvénient en incorporant au plâtre avant consolidation des solides finement divisés: minéraux argileux de différents types (kaolinite, montmorillonite, mica muscovite, talc, sépiolite et attapulgite) ou liants particuliers constitués d’un minéral argileux thermiquement activé (métakaolinite) additionné ou non d’hydroxyde de calcium ou de ciment Portland artificiel. Le travail a permis de montrer que l’addition de solides divisés précités abaisse la distribution des rayons de pores et, excepté le mélange ‘métakaolin-chaux’, la vitesse de migration de l’eau dans le matériau à des degrés plus ou moins divers. Les résultats concernant ce dernier point ont été obtenus à l’aide d’un montage original permettant l’étude de la migration de l’eau sous charge variable. Une modélisation théorique du phénomène, basée sur une loi de Darcy modifiée, et prenant en compte les valeurs expérimentales des coefficients de perméabilités, des distributions des rayons de pores et de la porosité totale ouverte des matériaux, a pu être proposée.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 1-2 (Sept. 1994), p. 355-360 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 31 (1989), S. 184-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: CT-MR imaging ; Brain hernia ; Cholesteatoma ; Cholesterol granuloma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A CT and MR study of a case of brain hernia within the middle ear cavity is reported. MR allows differentiation between brain tissue and other abnormalities of the ear with a similar appearance on CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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