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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 5349-5350 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a recent article [K. Kishore and H. K. Shobha, J. Chem. Phys. 101, 7037 (1994)], Kishore and Shobha proposed the extension of the concept of a Kauzmann paradox to the vapor–liquid transition. We show that there is no Kauzmann paradox associated with the vapor–liquid transition. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 35 (1976), S. 10-16 
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Gerontology 15 (1980), S. 503-510 
    ISSN: 0531-5565
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 155 (1989), S. 1-20 
    ISSN: 0378-4371
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 234 (1996), S. S142 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: Excimer laser trephination, as an alternative to mechanical trephination of the cornea in penetrating keratoplasty, is expected to reduce long-term postkeratoplasty astigmatism. Trephination with high energy densities may induce thermal epithelial alterations when metal aperture masks are used. • Methods: Ninety porcine eyes fixed in an artificial anterior chamber (20 mmHg) were trephined with a 193-nm excimer laser in order to study the effect of the temperature on the cornea and the aperture mask during and after termination of the laser exposure. Energy levels tested were in the range used in patients. A pyroelectric infrared sensor connected to a PC via an analog-digital converter was used. With a high-speed sampling routine written inC++ it was possible to monitor on line the temperature in a focus 0.8 mm in diameter. • Results: In donor trephination the maximum temperature increase of the metal mask was 11 K (donor tissue 6.1 K, repetition rate 30/s). During recipient trephination the maximum temperature increase of the mask was 9.4 K (7.5 K on the cornea). An increase in the repetition rate and a decrease in the rotation speed resulted in greater temperature increase of the exposed cornea or metal mask. • Conclusions: Online monitoring of cornea and mask surface temperatures during excimer laser trephination is possible using high-speed sampling equipment. Appropriate adjustment of repetition rate and rotation speed may reduce thermal effects, especially in donor trephination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 10 (1977), S. 127-138 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The authors describe the different destruction processes used in reinforced concrete structures. These processes use very varied techniques: mechanical explosive, thermal and electrochemical. The mechanical methods use repeated shocks by mechanical pics and drills, heavy steel balls; destruction can also be carried out with diamond tipped tools (disc saws, special saws and drills). In the explosive procedures charges are placed in cavities similar to rock blasting holes which are made in the structure. The charges can also be put on the surface of the concrete. There are also new processes such as Cardox which use carbon dioxide. The thermal methods used are the following: flame throwers, oxygen type for example heating of the metal reinforcement by passing a low voltage current at high amperage. The other methods are the plasma jet, the combined action of micro-waves and water jets and high frequencies. An electrochemical method has been developed by the authors consisting in accelerating the corrosion of reinforced concrete; it leads to a rapid increase in the corrosion products of the metal reinforcement which cause a cracking and later a rapid breaking of the concrete.
    Notes: Résumé Les auteurs décrivent les différents procédés (mécaniques, par explosion, thermiques, électrochimiques) de destruction des ouvrages en béton armé. Ces procédés sont de différents types et mettent en œuvre des techniques assez variées. Pour les procédés mécaniques on réalise des chocs répétés par emploi de marteaux-piqueurs, de marteaux-foreurs, de boulets, ou d'éclateurs, ou on réalise la destruction à l'aide d'outils diamantés et de scies (scies à disques, forets, scies spéciales). Les procédés par explosifs font appel à des charges que l'on place dans des cavités semblables à des trous de mine, et ménagées dans les ouvrages. Les charges peuvent également être appliquées contre la surface du béton. Il existe également de nouveaux procédés tel le procédé «Cardox» utilisant le gaz carbonique. Dans les procédés thermiques on utilise des lances thermiques telle la lance à oxygène, ou on fait appel à des méthodes électriques consistant à chauffer l'armature par passage d'un courant à basse tension mais de forte intensité, au jet de plasma, à l'action conjuguée de micro-ondes et de jets d'eau, ou à l'utilisation de hautes fréquences. Un procédé électrochimique, mis au point par les auteurs, consiste à réaliser la corrosion accélérée du béton armé: il conduit à une croissance rapide des produits de corrosion des armatures ce qui provoque une fissuration puis à un éclatement à court terme du béton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Scanning electron microscopy is more and more used for studying the texture of materials. The first data dealing with such studies in the case of plasters have been published just some years ago in Great Britain and in France. The authors present new results obtained in the case of the hydration of an hemihydrate plaster in pure medium or in presence of some retarders (citric acid, boric acid, sodium phosphates, potassium phosphates, and proteins). The observation of photographs gives a good idea of the cristalline morphology and of the texture of hydrated plaster and their changes versus the nature of the substances added to the water before setting. But for the understanding of hydration mechanism, the results have to be connected with other experimental data.
    Notes: Résumé On utilise de plus en plus la microscopie électronique à balayage pour l'étude de la texture des matériaux. Pour les plâtres, les premières données, publiées en Grande-Bretagne et en France, ne datent que de quelques années. On présente ici de nouveaux résultats relatifs à l'hydration d'un semi-hydrate en milieu pur ou en présence de modificateurs de prise (acide citrique, acide borique, phosphates alcalins et protéines). L'observation des clichés donne une juste idée de la morphologie cristalline et de la texture du plâtre hydraté, ainsi que de leurs modifications en fonction de la nature des produits ajoutés à l'eau avant la prise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 7 (1974), S. 253-263 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A series of blast-furnace slags of different origins and their short-time hydration products have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. This technique has allowed to emphasize the textural characteristics of the raw materials (surface state, cavities or holes geometrically well-defined) and to observe that slags give, after hydration, various microcrystallizations specific of each sample. Complementary studies by X-rays diffraction show that these hydration products are more or less carbonized. The comparison of the results obtained with the two techniques shows that the carbonization does not seem to affect the microcrystalline architecture of the hydrated phases. This reaction results then of a pseudomorphosis, phenomenon which has soon been observed by other authors in the case of the carbonization of porous concrete.
    Notes: Résumé La microscopie électronique à balayage a été utilisée pour étudier une série de laitiers de différentes origines et leurs produits d'hydratation à court terme. Cette technique a permis de mettre en évidence les caractéristiques texturales des matières premières (état de surface, présence de cavités géométriquement assez bien définies) et de constater que chaque laitier donnait après hydratation des microscristallisations très variées mais assez spécifiques de chaque échantillon. Des études parallèles par radiocristallographie ont permis de mettre en évidence une carbonatation plus ou moins avancée de ces produits d'hydratation. La comparaison des résultats obtenus par les deux méthodes montre que la carbonatation ne modifie pas sensiblement l'architecture microcristalline des phases hydratées. Il s'agit donc d'une véritable pseudomorphose des phases hydratées, phénomène déjà observé par d'autres auteurs dans le cas de la carbonatation de certains bétons poreux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 205 (1992), S. 191-203 
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 85 (1985), S. 119-122 
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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