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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ejection pattern of sputtered atoms from Cu(100) under 10 keV Ar^+ ion bombardment
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 39 (1989), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-583X(89)90747-7
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of bath composition for hard Fe–C alloy plating (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 855-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electroplating ; Fe–C alloys ; hard deposits ; bath composition ; covering power ; effects of chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Fairly uniform Fe–C alloy deposits with bright appearance and characteristic black colour were obtained in Hull cell tests at 1.0A from baths with the following composition: FeSO4 0.5m or higher, citric acid 0.01m or lower, and pH around 2.0. The carbon content of the deposits from these baths ranged between 1.0 and 1.2wt% and the Vickers hardness was HV700 or above over a wide area of the Hull cell cathode. The thickness distribution of the deposits on the Hull cell cathode from these baths suggested that the current efficiency was 100% and the local current density obeyed the primary current distribution, except for the region near the low-current-density (LCD) end where the thickness decreased unexpectedly. The addition of chloride ion as NaCl, at concentrations of 1.0m or above, improved the thickness in the LCD region, and the thickness distribution on the Hull cell cathode suggested that current efficiency was 100% even at the LCD end. Chloride ion did no t affect the carbon content or the hardness of the deposits. Polarization measurements showed that the hydrogen ion reduction occurred at more noble potentials than Fe deposition. The unexpected thickness decrease near the LCD end, observed in Hull cell tests, and the improvement of this by adding chloride ion were both accounted for by the change in the preceding hydrogen ion reduction rate. The increase in citric acid concentration enhanced hydrogen ion reduction and therefore caused a lowering of current efficiency at low current densities. On the other hand, the addition of chloride ion inhibited hydrogen ion reduction and caused an increase in current efficiency at low current density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003444610964
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sensory map based on velocity threshold of sensory neurones from a chordotonal organ in the tailfan of the crayfish (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 7-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: crayfish ; sensory ; mapping ; chordotonal organ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The central projections of sensory neurones innervating a strand chordotonal organ (CO) in the tailfan of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard) have been investigated. The CO monitors movement of the exopodite of the tailfan relative to the endopodite. Intracellular recording and staining were used to characterise the response of the sensory neurones to applied stretches of the chordotonal organ and to reveal their morphology. Two gross morphological types of afferents were found: those that terminated in the terminal (6th) abdominal ganglion on the side ipsilateral to the sensory receptor, and those that had branches in the terminal ganglion and an intersegmental axon that ascended rostrally. Afferents responded to position, velocity and direction of imposed CO displacement. Afferents with particular physiological properties had similar morphologies in different crayfish. Irrespective of their directional responses, afferents had central projection areas dependent upon their velocity thresholds. Many afferents responded only during movement of the CO, and those with the lowest velocity thresholds (2°/s) had branches that projected most anteriorly, while those with progressively higher velocity thresholds (up to 200°/s) projected progressively more posteriorly. Afferents that responded to low velocity ramp movements and spiked tonically projected to more posterior areas of the ganglion than those that responded only to movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214711
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The organization of exteroceptive information from the uropod to ascending interneurones of the crayfish (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 281-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Crayfish ; Ascending interneurones ; Terminal abdominal ganglion ; Direct connection ; Exteroceptive inputs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The organization of exteroceptive inputs to identified ascending interneurones of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), has been analyzed by stimulation of hairs on the uropod and simultaneous intracellular recordings from ascending interneurones. The spikes of single afferent neurones which innervated hairs on the distal ventral surface of the exopodite were consistently followed by a depolarizing synaptic potential in many identified ascending interneurones with a constant and short central delay of 0.7–1.5 ms. The amplitude of the potentials depended on the membrane potential of the ascending interneurones. Each afferent neurone made divergent outputs onto several ascending interneurones and each ascending interneurone received convergent inputs from several afferent neurones. Certain ascending interneurones made inhibitory or excitatory connections with other ascending interneurones. These central interactions were always one-way, and the spikes from one ascending interneurone consistently evoked excitatory or inhibitory post-synaptic potentials in other interneurones which followed with a constant and short latency of 0.7–1.0 ms. The inhibitory postsynaptic potential was reversed by injection of steady hyperpolarizing current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216610
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel processing of proprioceptive information in the terminal abdominal ganglion of the crayfish (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 389-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Crayfish ; Reflex ; Coordination ; Sensory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The processing of proprioceptive information from the exopodite-endopodite chordotonal organ in the tailfan of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) is described. The chordotonal organ monitors relative movements of the exopodite about the endopodite. Displacement of the chordotonal strand elicits a burst of sensory spikes in root 3 of the terminal ganglion which are followed at a short and constant latency by excitatory postsynaptic potentials in interneurones. The afferents make excitatory monosynaptic connections with spiking and nonspiking local interneurones and intersegmental interneurones. No direct connections with motor neurones were found. Individual afferents make divergent patterns of connection onto different classes of interneurone. In turn, interneurones receive convergent inputs from some, but not all, chordotonal afferents. Ascending and spiking local interneurones receive inputs from afferents with velocity thresholds from 2–400°/s, while nonspiking interneurones receive inputs only from afferents with high velocity thresholds (200–400°/s). The reflex effects of chordotonal organ stimulation upon a number of uropod motor neurones are weak. Repetitive stimulation of the chordotonal organ at 850°/s produces a small reduction in the firing frequency of the reductor motor neurone. Injecting depolarizing current into ascending or non-spiking local interneurones that receive direct chordotonal input produces a similar inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213521
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholinergic transmission at mechanosensory afferents in the crayfish terminal abdominal ganglion (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 179 (1996), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Crayfish ; Ascending interneurones ; Spiking local interneurones ; Ach ; Sensory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electrical stimulation of mechanosensory afferents innervating hairs on the surface of the exopodite in crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) elicited reciprocal activation of the antagonistic set of uropod motor neurones. The closer motor neurones were excited while the opener motor neurones were inhibited. This reciprocal pattern of activity in the uropod motor neurones was also produced by bath application of acetylcholine (ACh) and the cholinergic agonist, carbamylcholine (carbachol). The closing pattern of activity in the uropod motor neurones produced by sensory stimulation was completely eliminated by bath application of the ACh blocker, d-tubocurarine, though the spontaneous activity of the motor neurones was not affected significantly. Bath application of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, neostigmine, increased the amplitude and extended the time course of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of ascending interneurones elicited by sensory stimulation. These results strongly suggest that synaptic transmission from mechanosensory afferents innervating hairs on the surface of the tailfan is cholinergic. Bath application of the cholinergic antagonists, dtubocurarine (vertebrate nicotinic antagonist) and atropine (muscarinic antagonist) reversibly reduced the amplitude of EPSPs in many identified ascending and spiking local interneurones during sensory stimulation. Bath application of the cholinergic agonists, nicotine (nicotinic agonist) and oxotremorine (muscarinic agonist) also reduced EPSP amplitude. Nicotine caused a rapid depolarization of membrane potential with, in some cases, spikes in the interneurones. In the presence of nicotine, interneurones showed almost no response to the sensory stimulation, probably owing to desensitization of postsynaptic receptors. On the other hand, no remarkable changes in membrane potential of interneurones were observed after oxotremorine application. These results suggest that ACh released from the mechanosensory afferents depolarizes interneurones by acting on receptors similar to vertebrate nicotinic receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193430
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monosynaptic excitation of lateral giant fibres by proprioceptive afferents in the crayfish (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 181 (1997), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Escape behaviour ; Proprioception Swimming ; Giant interneurone ; Electrical transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Giant interneurones mediate a characteristic `tail flip' escape response of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, which move it rapidly away from the source of stimulation. We have analysed the synaptic connections of proprioceptive sensory neurones with one type of giant interneurone, the lateral giant. Spikes in sensory neurones innervating an exopodite-endopodite chordotonal organ in the tailfan, which monitors the position and movements of the exopodite, are followed at a short and constant latency by excitatory postsynaptic potentials in a lateral giant interneurone (LG) recorded in the terminal abdominal ganglion. These potentials are unaffected by manipulation of the membrane potential of LG, by bath application of saline with a low calcium concentration, or by one containing the nicotinic antagonist, curare. The potentials evoked in LG by chordotonal organ stimulation are thus thought to be monosynaptic and electrically mediated. This is the first demonstration that LG receives input from sensory receptors other than exteroceptors in the terminal abdominal ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050097
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential SIMS-ISS analysis of oxygen-enhanced secondary ion generation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 33 (1988), S. 551-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-583X(88)90628-3
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in the mild type of mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter's syndrome) (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. 483-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Hunter's syndrome ; Mucopolysaccharidosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Virchow-Robin spaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report imaging findings in a 3-year-old boy with the typical mild type of Hunter's disease. MRI revealed multifocal large cyst- or spindle-like areas of increased and decreased signal in the white matter, including the corpus callosum on T1- and T2-weighted images. The white matter showed high signal on T2-weighted images, isointense with cerebrospinal fluid on all other pulse sequences. To our knowledge, these appearances have not been reported in this disorder. Deposition of mucopolysaccharide and/or glycolipid and increase in fluid content seem to be responsible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607284
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in the mild type of mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter's syndrome) (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. 483-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Hunter's syndrome ; Mucopolysaccharidosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Virchow-Robin spaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report imaging findings in a 3-year-old boy with the typical mild type of Hunter's disease. MRI revealed multifocal large cyst- or spindle-like areas of increased and decreased signal in the white matter, including the corpus callosum on T1- and T2-weighted images. The white matter showed high signal on T2-weighted images, isointense with cerebrospinal fluid on all other pulse sequences. To our knowledge, these appearances have not been reported in this disorder. Deposition of mucopolysaccharide and/or glycolipid and increase in fluid content seem to be responsible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607284
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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