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  • 11
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The accumulation of metal ions on to biological materials is a promising method for removing these toxic materials from waste or ground-waters. A fractional factorial statistical experimental design was used to ascertain which experimental parameters affect the sorption of Cr6+ by a consortium of denitrifying bacteria using a minimum number of experiments. Analysis of this set of experiments found that the steady state sorption behavior could be described by Langmuir isotherms. Observed variations in the isotherm parameters were due to the imposed changes in the experimental variables. In particular, solution pH and the state of the biomass were found to have the greatest influence upon the amount of chromium that was taken up, while other factors had less significance, but were still important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A fractional factorial statistical experimental design was used to ascertain which experimental parameters affect the rate at which Cr6+ is sorbed by a consortium of denitrifying bacteria. Data from this set of experiments indicates that the amount of chromium sorbed as a function of time could be described by an exponential rise function. Additionally, the data indicate that at least 15 hours were required to establish equilibrium. Finally, observed variations in the parameters in this rate equation were found to be due to the imposed changes in the experimental variables. These results indicate that the processes by which the chromate ion was removed from solution may be associated with the cells' metabolic processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biotechnology techniques 4 (1990), S. 435-440 
    ISSN: 1573-6784
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: 1 Summary Cu2+ adsorbs onto modified bone gelatin beads as a function of pH. The amount of Cu2+ adsorbed is similar to that which has been shown to be adsorb onto other biological materials including bacterial biomass. Langmuir adsorption isotherms were fitted to this data and both the asymptotic maximum solid-phase concentration and the equilibrium constant for these isotherms are presented as a function of the solution pH. The adsorption rate for a typical set of experimental conditions is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 386-388 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gel materials are often used to entrap biological catalysts. Several experimental methods have been proposed to estimate the diffusion coefficient of important chemical species within these materials. An error analysis for the bead method was performed and, contrary to previously reported results, when proper experimental conditions were employed, the error associated with the bead method was similar to that obtained using the other common methods.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 211-218 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: kinetic model ; denitrify ; carbon tetrachloride ; destruction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A denitrifying consortium capable of transforming carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) was cultured from an aquifer soil sample from the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. A mathematical description of the kinetics of CCI4 destruction by this microbial consortium is presented, and its prediction are compared to experimental data. The model successfully predicted the concentrations of acetate, nitrate, nitrite, biomass, and CCI4 for all 12 experiments (a total of 60 concentration-vs.-time data sets). In addition, no statistically significant interactions exist between parameter values and individual test conditions. The ability of the model to predict the results of a treatability test for CCI4 degradation in Hanford groundwater, without adjusting any model parameters, is discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 923-928 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Significant quantities of heavy metals will adsorb onto modified bone gelatin beads. As this adsorption occurs, the bead can undergo a substantial volume change. Research has shown that the equilibrium bead diameter was a function of the solution pH and the ion concentration in the solution. Here, we demonstrate that under certain conditions, the volume of the beads that absorbed the metal was only 35% of the bead volume when no metal was adsorbed. By taking advantages of these size changes, a fluidized-bed separator can be operated such that natural segregation of loaded beads occurs. This phenomenon may facilitate the design of continous separators for the recovery and concentration of heavy-metal-contaminated waters. These concepts are demonstrated using Cu2+ adsorption onto such beads.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 961-961 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: carbon tetrachloride ; nitrate inhibition ; biodegradation ; kinetics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of nitrate inhibition of carbon tetrachloride (CT) transformation were examined using a denitrifying consortium. Comparison of data from fed-batch experiments to the model reported by Hooker et al. indicate that the inhibition constant ranges between 3.2 and 21 mg/L, with an average of 8.8 mg/L. This range is much lower than the previously reported value of 169 mg/L. Simulations using the corrected parameter accurately reflect this new data and the data reported by Hooker et al. In contrast, the earlier reported coefficient value does not reflect the data reported in this work. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 139-146 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: fluidized-bed bioreactor ; concentration profile ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fully predictive mathematical description of a three-phase, tapered, fluidized-bed bioreactor is developed. This mathematical model includes the effects of the tapered bed, variable dispersion coefficient, and variable solid holdup upon the concentration profiles developed in the bed. In addition, the effect of the concentration profile which is developed inside the biocatalyst bead is included by means of an effectiveness factor calculation. Using accepted correlations for the dispersion coefficient and for the liquid, gas, and solid holdup in the bed, the model is fully predictive. The model was found to adequately predict experimental obtained concentration profiles. Then, the model was used to examine the various phase holdups through the bed and the degree to which the dispersion coefficient varied through the bed. The effect of changes in these calculated variables upon the reaction rate is discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 1465-1471 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mixing and segregation behavior of liquid fluidized beds containing two different-sized particle species are described mathematically. This model is based on a mass balance, rather than a volume balance, which has been used by most previous researchers. The model also includes the effects of density gradients that are present in the bed. Particle dispersion coefficients in a binary-solid fluidized bed are evaluated using this model. Further, a correlation that allows the calculation of these particle dispersion coefficients is presented, which describes not only dispersion coefficients calculated using the above model, but also those presented by other researchers. It is applicable over a broad range of variables of practical interest and is based on relevant dimensionless parameters to account for the influence of important particle and fluid properties on the particle dispersion characteristics.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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