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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central effects of atropine upon aversive classical conditioning in rabbits (1972)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 23 (1972), S. 319-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Atropine Sulfate ; Atropine Methylnitrate ; Extinction ; Aversive Classical Conditioning ; Rabbits ; Differential Conditioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rabbits were given classical discrimination conditioning with one of two tones followed by shock. In Experiment I, 40 rabbits were trained under saline, 10, 18 or 26 mg/kg atropine sulfate or 18 mg/kg methylatropine. Six rabbits in Experiment 2 were conditioned, then given further sessions with saline, and 18, 26 and 34 mg/kg atropine sulfate and methylatropine. In Experiment 3, 18 rabbits were conditioned and then given two extinction sessions under saline or 34 mg/kg atropine sulfate or methylatropine followed by extinction under saline. Chief findings were (a) atropine sulfate but not methylatropine disrupted acquisition and maintenance of conditioned eyeblinks, (b) neither drug affected unconditioned blinks, (c) fewer blinks occurred in extinction under atropine sulfate than under methylatropine or saline, (d) rabbits extinguished under atropine sulphate showed higher percentages of eyeblinks when tested without drug. Disruptions in performance of learned eyeblink responses appeared to be due to drug interference with central cholinergic transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406735
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The location and properties of preganglionic vagal cardiomotor neurones in the rabbit (1982)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 395 (1982), S. 244-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Vagal preganglionic neurones ; Heart rate ; Nucleus ambiguus ; Dorsal vagal nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The origins of preganglionic vagal neurones which slow the heart in the rabbit have been examined with standard neurophysiological stimulation and recording techniques. The activity of 216 neurones projecting to the right cervical vagus nerve have been recorded in localized areas of the brain stem. Thirty-six of these neurones were classified as cardiomotor neurones since they had properties similar to those described for such neurones in the cat. All had efferent axons in the range of B fibers. They could be synaptically activated by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral aortic nerve which in the rabbit is solely barosensory. The majority of these neurones (70%) were spontaneously active and those which were normally silent could be made to fire by iontophoretic application ofdl-homocysteic acid (an excitant amino acid). This spontaneous, or evoked, activity showed evidence of a pulse rhythm (of baroreceptor origin) and respiratory modulation (firing predominantly during expiration). In response to application ofdl-homocysteic acid, the neuronal excitation was usually accompanied by a small but significant bradycardia. Histological examination showed that these neurones were located in both the dorsal vagal nucleus and the nucleus ambiguus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584817
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New signal processing techniques for improved precision of noninvasive impedance cardiography (1989)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 17 (1989), S. 517-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Impedance cardiography ; Pattern recognition ; Signal processing ; Matched filter ; Cardiac output
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Impedance cardiographic determination of clinically important cardiac parameters such as systolic time intervals, stroke volume, and related cardiovascular parameters has not yet found adequate application in clinical practice, since its theoretical basis remains controversial, and the precision of beat-to-beat parameter estimation has until recently suffered under severe shortcomings of available signal processing techniques. High levels of noise and motion artifacts deteriorate signal quality and result in poor event detection. To improve the precision of impedance cardiography, new techniques for event detection and parameter estimation have been developed. Specifically, matched filtering and various signal segmentation and decomposition techniques have been tested on impedance signals with various levels of artificially superimposed noise and on actual recordings from subjects in a laboratory study of cardiovascular response to a cognitive challenge. Substantial improvement in the precision of impedance cardiography was obtained using the newly developed signal processing techniques. In addition, some preliminary evidence from comparisons of the impedance cardiogram with invasive aortic electromagnetic flow measurement in anesthetized rabbits is presented to address questions relating to the origin of the impedance signal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02368071
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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