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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central Nervous Regulation of Vascular Resistance (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 42 (1980), S. 399-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.42.030180.002151
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiorespiratory Interactions in Heart-Rate Control (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 533 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb37263.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Area postrema and blood pressure (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 250 (1974), S. 354-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR,?Ylitalo et al.1 based their suggestion that the area postrema is a control centre of blood pressure on experiments in which a maintained rise in the level of blood pressure, which was also more labile than normal, followed destruction of the area postrema in rats. As it is well known, however, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/250354b0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macular input to precerebellar reticular neurones (1974)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 346 (1974), S. 223-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Natural Stimulation of Otolith Receptors ; Precerebellar Reticular Nuclei ; Inferior Olive ; Mossy Fibre and Climbing Fibre Systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of units in the three cerebellar projecting reticular nuclei-the lateral reticular nucleus, the paramedian reticular nucleus and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis of Bechterew-as well as in the inferior olive has been recorded in decerebrate or anaesthetized cats in response to changes in the position of the head and body with respect to gravity. Responsive units were only found within the three precerebellar reticular nuclei, but not in the inferior olive. These responses were characterized by marked changes in ongoing discharge rates when the animal was tilted in the median plane. Most units receiving a macular input responded with an increase in discharge rate on tilting in one direction, while tilting in the opposite direction produced a decrease in discharge. In rare instances, neurones responded to tilting in both directions with changes of firing of the same sign. All responses to tilt did not depend on a proprioceptive feedback from the periphery, as they persisted after deep curarization of the animal. Some lateral reticular neurones responsive to tilt were also excited by somatosensory stimulation, and some were activated antidromically from the white matter above the cerebellar fastigial nucleus. Since the precerebellar reticular neurones and the inferior olivary neurones terminate at cortical cerebellar level as mossy fibres and climbing fibres respectively, it is postulated that the macular input to the cerebellar cortex is by way of the mossy fibre input. The macular input may provide a major source of excitation of Purkinje neurones, which are known to be tonically active in the decerebrate preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00595709
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presynaptic depolarization in myelinated vagal afferent fibres terminating in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in the cat (1986)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 406 (1986), S. 12-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Slowly adapting lung stretch receptor afferents ; Aortic baroreceptor afferents ; Presynaptic depolarization ; Neural control of respiration ; Neural control of circulation ; Nuclei of the solitary tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presynaptic influences that act on terminals of slowly adapting lung stretch receptor afferents and aortic baroreceptor afferents within the nucleus of the solitary tract were assessed using intracellular recording and antidromic stimulation techniques. Central respiratory influences on the axcitability of lung stretch receptor terminals were observed in 29% (4 of 14) of measurements. These were confirmed in intracellular recordings where membrane depolarizations in synchrony with phrenic nerve discharge were seen in 17% (4 of 24) of fibres. In three cases membrane depolarization also occurred synchronously with artificial lung inflation. Neither tests of excitability nor intracellular recording revealed any evidence for equivalent presynaptic influences on 16 myelinated aortic baroreceptor terminals. Stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve evoked depolarizations in 50% (7 of 14) of lung stretch receptor terminals. These took the form of complex waves of depolarization with both short (3–8 ms) and long latency (27–35 ms) components. The amplitude of the long latency response increased during the period of phrenic nerve discharge, i.e. during “central inspiration”. These effects are discussed in relation to the central respiratory influences on both respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582946
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the termination of sinus nerve afferents (1977)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 369 (1977), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Carotid sinus nerve ; Primary afferent fibres ; Nucleus of the tractus solitarius ; C-fibres ; Antidromic potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Compound action potentials evoked by electrical stimulation in the brainstem of anaesthetized, paralyzed cats and rabbits were recorded distally in the carotid sinus nerve. The latencies of the components of the responses were indicative of fibres with conduction velocities between 0.5 and 32 m/s. These include both myelinated and unmyelinated fibres. Using histological reconstructions of the ‘responsive sites’, the termination of the primary afferent fibres of the sinus nerve within the medulla was mapped. In both cat and rabbit these responsive sites were restricted to thedorsomedial medulla in the vicinity of the NTS 0–3 mm rostral to the obex. Although in the cat the fast conducting myelinated fibres (conduction velocities 〉12.5 m/s) were discretely localized to the ventrolateral area of the NTS, the slower conducting myelinated and unmyelinated fibres were found more diffusely, spreading into areas dorsal and medial to the NTS. In the rabbit the terminals of all types of fibre were mainly confined to the NTS although some C fibres appeared to be grouped in the juxta-alar region. Responses were never evoked from the medial reticular formation or nucleus ambiguus in either cats or rabbits. The organization of the sinus nerve input to the medulla is discussed in the light of these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580812
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vestibular inputs to the fastigial nucleus; evidence of convergence of macular and ampullar inputs (1980)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 384 (1980), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Vestibular ; Cerebellum ; Macular ; Ampullar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. Experiments have been undertaken on 11 decerebrate cats to investigate the effects of natural vestibular stimulation on the activity of cerebellar fastigial neurons. 2. From recordings in the rostral portion of the nucleus during sinusoidal lateral (roll) and horizontal (yaw) rotation, distinctive patterns of response were observed. 3. The majority of neurons sensitive to vestibular stimulation showed responses to a single modality of vestibular activation. During lateral tilt some neurones showed positional sensitivity, others gave responses related to the velocity of movement. Other neurones responded in phase with the velocity of movement in the horizontal plane. 4. Aside from these neuronal responses, others provided indications of a convergence of inputs from different sets of vestibular receptors. In particular, several neurons showed a pattern of response that indicated that they received inputs from otolith receptors and ampullar receptors of the vertical canal. At low velocities of movement their response was positional but with increasing velocity the magnitude of the response increased and there was a marked phase shift of the discharge towards head velocity. 5. Neurons responding to horizontal rotation often showed positional responses during lateral tilt. There were also indications of a convergence of ampullar inputs from both vertical and horizontal canals. 6. The neural pathways mediating these responses are discussed in consideration of previous neuroanatomical and neurophysiological data. We consider it likely that several pathways may act to evoke the patterns of response observed, and a role of the cerebellar cortex is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584553
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a monosynaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory beta neurones (1984)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 402 (1984), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Inspiratory neurones ; Slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors ; Spike triggered averaging ; Neural control of respiration ; Connectivity of respiratory neurones ; Nuclei of the tractus solitarius ; Hering-Breuer reflex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The synaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory neurones within a region ventral to the tractus solitarius was determined using intracellular recording and spike triggered averaging techniques. When the vagus nerve was stimulated at intensities eliciting a Hering-Breuer reflex, the difference in mean latency between centrally recorded action potentials of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and e.p.s.p.s of inspiratory beta neurones was 0.2 ms. This difference is indicative of a monosynaptic connection. Extracellular single unit spikes of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors recorded from the nodose ganglion were used to trigger the averaging of synaptic noise recorded from inspiratory neurones. A prominent wave of synaptic depolarization was observed in all inspiratory beta neurones even when a small number of sweeps were averaged. This depolarization was absent from inspiratory alpha neurones. The shape indices of these depolarizations are consistent with a monosynaptic connection between slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor afferents and inspiratory beta neurones. In addition, the data raise the possibility that this connection is multiple and distributed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583324
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The location and properties of preganglionic vagal cardiomotor neurones in the rabbit (1982)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 395 (1982), S. 244-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Vagal preganglionic neurones ; Heart rate ; Nucleus ambiguus ; Dorsal vagal nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The origins of preganglionic vagal neurones which slow the heart in the rabbit have been examined with standard neurophysiological stimulation and recording techniques. The activity of 216 neurones projecting to the right cervical vagus nerve have been recorded in localized areas of the brain stem. Thirty-six of these neurones were classified as cardiomotor neurones since they had properties similar to those described for such neurones in the cat. All had efferent axons in the range of B fibers. They could be synaptically activated by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral aortic nerve which in the rabbit is solely barosensory. The majority of these neurones (70%) were spontaneously active and those which were normally silent could be made to fire by iontophoretic application ofdl-homocysteic acid (an excitant amino acid). This spontaneous, or evoked, activity showed evidence of a pulse rhythm (of baroreceptor origin) and respiratory modulation (firing predominantly during expiration). In response to application ofdl-homocysteic acid, the neuronal excitation was usually accompanied by a small but significant bradycardia. Histological examination showed that these neurones were located in both the dorsal vagal nucleus and the nucleus ambiguus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584817
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