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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEM study of the fractured surfaces of films and blocks prepared from montmorillonite and its complex with α-naphtylamine (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 1219-1226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Four samples were heated under nitrogen to determine the relations between heat-treatment conditions and the topographies of the fractured surfaces of the resulting samples. The samples used were thin films (several 10μm thick) of lithium-montmorillonite (Mont) and its complex (MNC) withα-naphtylamine, and the blocks of raw montmorillonite and its complex withα-naphtylamine (MNC). Two characteristic topographies were obtained from MNC film. They were of a very dense structure with the memory of a layered structure after heating to about 1173 K at 1 or 5 K min−1, and a homogeneous fine porous structure after heating to 1173 to 1273 K at 40 K min−1. An unique porous structure was also obtained from MNC block, several millimetres thick by heating to 873 K for 1H. However, Mont, in both film and block, was not suitable for preparation of the homogeneous structure, regardless of porous or dense structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553254
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some properties of a condensed polynuclear aromatic resin (COPNA) as a binder for carbon fibre composites (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 2027-2032 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A new thermosetting resin consisting of condensed aromatic nuclei cross-linked with methylene bridges was prepared from a mixture of pyrene, phenanthrene and 1,4-benzenedimethanol by heating above 393 K. This resin, named COPNA, adheres well to carbon fibres, and the carbon fibre/resin composite (CFRP) prepared by using this resin as a binder exhibits no remarkable changes in mechanical properties after heating at 523 K for 10 h and 573 K for 2h. The CFRP specimens were converted into carbon fibre/carbon composite (CFRC) by further heating up to 1 273 K without any trouble.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547943
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation with Simon's reagent and HNO3/H2SO4 of turbostratic graphitic carbon prepared catalytically by nickel particles (20nm) in a carbonized resin (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 1809-1814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Four carbons, of heat treatment temperature 2800° C, were prepared from pure phenol formaldehyde resin (A-component), from this resin doped with nickel acetylacetonate (Ts-component), from a coal-tar pitch (Tp-component) and from the resin containing 30 wt% nickel particles (50 μm) (G-component). These carbons are characterized by X-ray diffraction (d 002 and L c), high-resolution phase-contrast electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and oxidation with Simon's reagent and mixed acid HNO3/H2SO4. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that graphitization increased A〈Ts⩽Tp〈G. The Raman spectra, using the ratio R=I (1355 cm−1)/I(1575 cm−1) indicate that the Ts-component has the least number of imperfections in the lattice. The Ts- and G-components react faster than other carbons in Simon's reagent but react slower in mixed acids. These faster rates are associated with lower activation energies. The Simon's reagent reacts preferentially with the more graphitic structures of the G-component unlike the Ts-component which appears to be structurally homogeneous. Rates of oxidation with mixed acid increase G〈Tp〈Ts〈A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540628
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradations of some layer-type complexes consisting of FeOCl and organic compounds (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 17 (1982), S. 3617-3620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract FeOCl crystals were intercalated with furfural, furfuryl alcohol and 2-vinyl pyridine. The resulting layer-type complexes, with or without γ-radiation, were thermally degradated. Thermal stabilities of all complexes were lower than that of FeOCl. FeOCl maintained its layered structure up to 773 K but FeOCl-furfural complex, which is the most stable, began to degrade at 423 K. Through the degradations, FeOCl changed into Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, and FeOCl-furfural complex into Fe3O4, FeCl2 and an unidentified compound. The causes of such differences are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00752205
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenomena of catalytic graphitization (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 17 (1982), S. 309-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In recent years the phenomena of catalytic graphitization have developed considerably. Four types of catalytic graphitization are known to produce G-, Ts-, A- and Tn- components. The review summarizes the use of elements, alloys and compounds as catalysts. The importance of catalyst particle size is stressed as well as the method of addition of the catalyst to the carbon. Extents of graphitization induced by catalysts are markedly dependent upon the existing degree of graphitization already present in the parent carbon. The effects of graphitization at different temperatures are summarized as well as the effects caused by the ambient atmosphere, for example by oxygen and nitrogen. Mechanisms of catalytic graphitization resulting in G-, Ts-, A- and Tn- components are outlined and changes in synthetic graphites caused by catalytic graphitization are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00591464
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and thermal degradation behaviour of a layer-type complex consisting of TaS2 and α-naphthylamine (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1983), S. 1089-1094 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A layer-type complex TaS2 (α-naphthylamine)0.46 having a basal spacing of 2.2 nm was prepared by soaking a mixture of the components in an ampoule at 433 K for 25 to 35 days. This complex was resealed in an ampoule after purification, followed by γ-radiation and heating to 473 K. The resulting sample was again heated at various temperatures below 1273 K. On heating to 643 K, the insertedα-naphthylamine polymerized, although with some removal from the complex, with a decrease in basal spacing to 1.35 nm. Another complex appeared faintly simultaneously. This second complex with a basal spacing of 0.96 to 0.92nm formed more abundantly on heating to 773 K and then decreased in amount at higher temperature. The complex decomposed at1273 K to result in TaS2. Such thermal degradation behaviour is discussed from the standpoint of preparation of the layer-type complex consisting of TaS2 and carbon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00551978
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation behaviour of fluorosaponite-α-naphtylamine complex under nitrogen (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 1227-1232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The layer-type complex of fluorosaponite andα-naphtylamine (F-SNC) was heat treated below 1473 K under nitrogen to investigate its thermal degradation behaviour. The most striking characteristic of the behaviour is that the layered structure of F-SNC remained considerably unchanged up to temperatures as high as 1273 K. In order to derive the clay-carbon layer-type complex from the clay-organic compound complex, the degradation behaviour of F-SNC was compared with those of other complexes reported previously. As a result, the most important factor to arise from this work is to use a layered-structural clay with high thermal stability and to intercalate organic compounds, with high carbon yield, as much as possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553255
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A porous material prepared from the layer-type complex consisting of montmorillonite and α-naphthylamine (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 2908-2914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Aqueous mixtures of montmorillonite and α-naphthylamine with various mixing ratios were kept at 353 K for 3 days with stirring to convert them into the layer-type complex (MNC) consisting of both components, and then dried at 403 K. The resulting blocks, several centimetres in size, were heated below 1473 K under nitrogen. The addition of α-naphthylamine (NA) in the equivalent amount to the cation exchange capacity of montmorillonite resulted in the most attractive porous material which includes homogeneous pores of ∼35nm radius and exhibits a maximum pore volume of 0.8 ml g−1 at 873 K. The samples containing greater and lesser amounts of NA gave a very brittle block and a less porous block after heating to high temperature, respectively. The materials obtained were also characterized by the waved card-house structure. The amount of NA added and the heat-treatment temperature did not vary the pore size so widely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00551510
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of mouldings made from the saponite/acriflavine complex after heating under nitrogen (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 1045-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Carbonization of the clay/organic layer-type complex produces the clay/carbon layer-type complex or clay (or its heat-treated derivative) together with finely dispersed carbon. To evaluate the characteristics of a moulding made from such structures, the saponite/acriflavine complex powder was pressed into a moulding (10 × 10 mmϕ) under 1000 kg cm−2 and then carbonized below 1673 K under nitrogen. Some properties of the moulding, such as electrical resistivity, varied widely with carbonization temperature, but, on the whole, it behaved as an intermediate material between the ceramics and the carbon materials. Its most unique property is low electrical resistivity, in spite of its low carbon content. Structural changes that take place during the carbonization process are discussed in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103549
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antimicrobial and antifungal agents derived from clay minerals (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 31 (1996), S. 3403-3407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A silver chelate of 2-(4-thiazolyl)-benzimidazole, dodecyltrimethylammonium cation and hexadecylpyridinium cation have been intercalated between montmorillonite, and the resulting samples were subjected to examination of their thermostabilities by thermogravimetry and carbon dioxide evolution analysis up to 500 °C in air. The degradation behaviour of the intercalant was significantly changed by intercalating between the montmorillonite layers. Two quaternary ammonium cations were released from the montmorillonite both at the same temperature, which was higher than those for the quaternary ammonium cations themselves. This relation was also observed in the case of 2-(4-thiazolyl)-benzimidazole. The improvement of the thermostability after intercalation can be attributed to the bonding between the intercalant and the host montmorillonite layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00360741
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