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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a cassava granule-bound starch synthase gene in the amylose-free potato only partially restores amylose content (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSS I) is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in starch granules. A heterologous cassava GBSS I gene was tested for its ability to restore amylose synthesis in amylose-free (amf) potato mutants. For this purpose, the cassava GBSS I was equipped with different transit peptides. In addition, a hybrid containing the potato transit peptide, the N-terminal 89 amino acids of the mature potato GBSS I, and the C-terminal part of cassava GBSS I was prepared. The transgenic starches were first analysed by iodine staining. Only with the hybrid could full phenotypic complementation of the amf mutation be achieved in 13% of the plants. Most transformants showed partial complementation, but interestingly the size of the blue core was similar in all granules derived from one tuber of a given plant. The amylose content was only partially restored, up to 60% of wild-type values or potato GBSS I-complemented plants; however, the GBSS activity in these granules was similar to that found in wild-type ones. From this, and the observation that the hybrid protein (a partial potato GBSS I look-alike) performs best, it was concluded that potato and cassava GBSS I have different intrinsic properties and that the cassava enzyme is not fully adapted to the potato situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00493.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do cisgenic plants warrant less stringent oversight? (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 753-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: While the debate continues on the appropriate level of regulatory oversight for transgenic plants, we believe there are strong reasons for legislators to differentiate cisgenic from transgenic plants. A cisgenic plant is a crop plant that has been genetically modified with one or ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0706-753
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nodule physiology of a supernodulating pea mutant (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 77 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Physiological and biochemical parameters of the supernodulating pea (Pisum sativum L.) mutant nod3 were compared to those of its wild-type parent cv. Rondo in a nil nitrate environment. Plants of cv. Rondo produced more biomass and accumulated more N than plants of nod3. Accordingly, seed yield of the wild type was twice that of the supernodulating mutant. Although the nodule number of nod3 was 10-fold that of cv. Rondo, the nodule mass of nod3 was only twice that of cv. Rondo as individual nodules were smaller in nod3 than in cv. Rondo. The maximum rate of acetylene reduction activity, determined in an open flow-through gas system, was higher in the wild type than in nod3 when expressed on a nodule dry weight basis. However, when expressed on a whole plant basis, the nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) was similar in the two symbioses. The net carbon costs of nitrogenase activity was 25% lower in nod3 than in cv. Rondo. An equal proportion of the net CO2 efflux from the root system was for growth and maintenance of the tissue in the two symbioses. However, growth and maintenance respiration was higher in nod3 than in cv. Rondo per gram dry weight of the nodulated root system. The nodules of nod3 had a reduced soluble protein concentration as compared to those of the wild type. The specific activities of nodule glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2), glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.1.14) and asparagine synthetase (EC 6.3.5.4) were lower in nod3 than in cv. Rondo. The root bleeding sap of nod3 contained lower amounts of glutamine and higher amounts of asparagine than that of cv. Rondo. The results suggest that the use of carbon directly related to the dinitrogen fixation and nitrogen assimilation may be less in nod3 than in cv. Rondo, and that there may be differences between the two symbioses in the pathway for assimilation of fixed nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb05398.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene expression and carbohydrate content during stolon to tuber transition in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 90 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In using an efficient and synchronised in vitro tuberisation system the transition of axillary buds from stolons to tubers in Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje was followed. After 5 or 6 days on tuber-inducing medium all axillary buds had formed tubers which increased in size until the experiment was ended at day 10. Concomitantly with the visible appearance of tubers the fresh weight of the axillary buds increased as well as their starch content. Soluble sugar content, notably glucose, increased until tuberisation occurred and dropped after that. In the daily sampled explants gene expression was studied at several levels. RNA was isolated from the different explants during the whole tuberisation experiment and northern blots were probed with cDNAs encoding genes involved in starch- and patatin-biosynthesis. It was shown that in the very early stages of development hardly any transcript could be detected. Only one day before visible swelling occurred were clear signals obtained for all the genes investigated. Although it was evident that coordinate expression of starch biosynthetic genes did occur, it was not in a similar fashion for all the genes. Sucrose synthase and ADPG-pyrophosphorylase B were expressed in an identical fashion which was different from ADPG-pyrophosphorylase S, granule-bound starch synthase and branching enzyme. The RNA levels of these three latter genes reached a maximum at day 5, remaining constant until the experiment was finished. The transcript levels of sucrose synthase and ADPG-pyrophosphorylase B reached their highest level at day 5 after which they dropped to a lower level at day 10. Patatin gene expression was clearly different from that of the starch biosynthetic genes: it steadily increased from day 4 until the end of the experiment. Enzyme activities of sucrose synthase. ADPG-pyrophosphorylase and branching enzyme confirmed the RNA expression data and showed that ADPG-pyrophosphorylase enzyme activity reached a maximum at day 4 after which it dropped. The other two enzyme activities could be detected at or one day after tuberisation occurred and increased until the experiment was ended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb00389.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Successful first and second backcrosses of S. nigrum (+) S. tuberosum somatic hybrids with both Solanum parents (1999)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 12 (1999), S. 144-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Solanum tuberosum ; Solanum nigrum ; Somatic hybrids ; Backcross experiments ; Phytophthora infestans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Somatic hybrids of Solanum nigrum (+) 2× potato were successfully crossed with S. nigrum and with potato. First and second backcross progeny with S. nigrum could easily be obtained. One of the BC1 genotypes was already self-fertile. Backcrosses with potato had a much lower success rate. Only pollinations with tetraploid potato resulted in seed-containing berries. Two BC1 genotypes were obtained after 4362 pollinations from which 505 ovules were cultured. The first BC1 genotype grew vigorously in vitro and in the greenhouse and flowered abundantly. The second BC1 showed many abnormalities and dropped its flowers before anthesis. The first BC1 was again crossed with tetraploid potato and in this generation also the success rate was low. Over 5000 pollinations resulted in 1750 berries from which over 3000 ovules were obtained. Twelve plants germinated from these ovules and they were not as vigorous in vitro and in vivo as the BC1 parent. Some of the BC2 genotypes were used for further backcrosses but no BC3 plants were obtained. BC1 and BC2 genotypes that resulted from the backcross program with potato were tested for resistance to Phytophthora infestans. The BC1 genotype was as resistant as the S. nigrum fusion parent, but among the eight BC2 genotypes scored six were resistant, whereas two genotypes showing lesions were susceptible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050185
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extent and position of homoeologous recombination in a distant hybrid of Alstroemeria: a molecular cytogenetic assessment of first generation backcross progenies (1999)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 108 (1999), S. 52-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract.  To estimate the extent and position of homoeologous recombination during meiosis in an interspecific hybrid between two distantly related Alstroemeria species, the chromosome constitution of six first generation backcross (BC1) plants was analysed using sequential fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis. Four different probes were used for the FISH analysis: two species-specific and two rDNA probes. The six BC1 plants were obtained from crosses between the hybrid A. aurea×A. inodora with its parent A. inodora. GISH clearly identified all chromosomes of both parental genomes as well as recombinant chromosomes. The sequential GISH and FISH analysis enabled the accurate identification of all individual chromosomes in the BC1 plants, resulting in the construction of detailed karyotypes of the plants. The identification of the recombinant chromosomes provided evidence which chromosomes of the two species are homoeologous. Two of the BC1 plants were aneuploid (2n=2x+1=17) and four triploid (2n=3x=24), indicating that both n and 2n gametes were functional in the F1 hybrid. Using GISH, it was possible to estimate homeologous recombination in two different types of gametes in the F1 hyrid. The positions of the crossover points ranged from highly proximal to distal and the maximum number of crossover points per chromosome arm was three. Compared with the aneuploid plants, the triploid plants (which received 2n gametes) clearly possessed fewer crossovers per chromosome, indicating reduced chromosome pairing/recombination prior to the formation of the 2n gametes. Besides homeologous recombination, evidence was found for the presence of structural rearrangements (inversion and translocation) between the chromosomes of the parental species. The presence of the ancient translocation was confirmed through FISH analysis of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050351
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a chimaeric granule-bound starch synthase-GUS gene in transgenic potato plants (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 691-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chimaeric gene ; granule-bound starch synthase ; sugar inducibility ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; transgenic plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Granule-bound starch synthase is the key enzyme in amylose synthesis. The regulation of this gene was investigated using a chimaeric gene consisting of a 0.8 kb 5′ upstream sequence of the granule-bound starch synthase gene from potato and the β-glucuronidase gene which was introduced into potato using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector system. The chimaeric gene was highly expressed in stolons and tubers, whereas the expression in leaves, stems or roots from greenhouse-grown plants was relatively low. However, leaves from in vitro grown plantlets exhibited an elevated GUS expression. The expression of the chimaeric gene was inducible in leaves by growth on relatively high concentrations of sucrose, fructose and glucose and was about 30- to 50-fold higher than in leaves from greenhouse-grown plants. The granule-bound starch synthase gene is expressed organ-specifically since stolons and tubers showed GUS activities 125- to 3350-fold higher than in leaves. The activities in these two organs are 3- to 25-fold higher than the expression of the CaMV-GUS gene. Histochemical analysis of different tissues showed that only certain regions of leaves and roots express high GUS activities. Stolons and tubers show high expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037054
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field evaluation of transgenic potato plants expressing an antisense granule-bound starch synthase gene: increase of the antisense effect during tuber growth (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 1759-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: antisense RNA ; field trial ; granule-bound starch synthase ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; transgenic plants ; tuber development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transgenic plants of a tetraploid potato cultivar were obtained in which the amylose content of tuber starch was reduced via antisense RNA-mediated inhibition of the expression of the gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). GBSS is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of starch and catalyses the formation of amylose. The antisense GBSS genes, based on the full-length GBSS cDNA driven by the 35S CaMV promoter or the potato GBSS promoter, were introduced into the potato genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Expression of each of these genes resulted in the complete inhibition of GBSS gene expression, and thus in the production of amylose-free tuber starch, in mature field-grown plants originating from rooted in vitro plantlets of 4 out of 66 transgenic clones. Clones in which the GBSS gene expression was incompletely inhibited showed an increase of the extent of inhibition during tuber growth. This is likely to be due to the increase of starch granule size during tuber growth and the specific distribution pattern of starch components in granules of clones with reduced GBSS activity. Expression of the antisense GBSS gene from the GBSS promoter resulted in a higher stability of inhibition in tubers of field-grown plants as compared to expression from the 35S CaMV promoter. Field analysis of the transgenic clones indicated that inhibition of GBSS gene expression could be achieved without significantly affecting the starch and sugar content of transgenic tubers, the expression level of other genes involved in starch and tuber metabolism and agronomic characteristics such as yield and dry matter content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019490
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GBSS T-DNA inserts giving partial complementation of the amylose-free potato mutant can also cause co-suppression of the endogenous GBSS gene in a wild-type background (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 31 (1996), S. 731-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: complementation ; expression ; co-suppression ; granule-bound starch synthase ; Solanum tubersoum L. ; transgenic inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The wild-type gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) is capable of both complementing the amylosefree (amf) potato mutant and inhibiting the endogenous GBSS gene expression in wild-type potato. Co-suppression of the endogenous GBSS gene, easily visualised by staining the starch with iodine, occurred when the full-size GBSS sequence (genomic), GBSS cDNA or even the mutant amf allele were introduced into the wild-type potato. Conversely, introduction of the GBSS promoter sequence alone, did not result in co-suppression in the 80 analysed transformants. Neither the orientation of the GBSS gene with respect to kanamycin resistance nor the presence of an enhancer influenced the frequency of plants showing a co-suppression phenotype. After crossing a partially complemented amf mutant with a homozygous wild-type plant, the F1 offspring segregated into plant phenotypes with normal and decreased expression of the GBSS gene. This decreased expression correlated with the presence of a linked block of five T-DNA inserts which was previously shown to be correlated with partial complementation of the amf mutant. This crossing experiment indicates that co-suppression can cause inhibition of gene expression of both inserted and endogenous wild-type GBSS genes. The frequency of partially complemented amf plants was equal to the frequency of co-suppressed wild types when a construct, with an enhancer in front of the GBSS promoter, was used (pWAM 101E). This might suggest that partial complementation of the amf genotype caused by unstable expression of the transgene can be overcome by inserting an enhancer in front of the GBSS promoter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019461
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and mapping of three flower colour loci of potato (S. tuberosum L.) by RFLP analysis (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 295-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Allelism ; RFLP map ; Anthocyanin markers ; Tester clones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of flower colour in diploid potato (2 n = 2x = 24), was found to be controlled by three unlinked loci D, F and P. To determine the allelism with previously described loci and to dissect this oligogenic trait, a set of tester clones with well-defined genotypes was developed. By backcrossing the mapping population with these tester clones it was possible to obtain monogenic segregation ratios. These were required to detect linkage with RFLP loci and, despite distorted Mendelian ratios, the inheritance and mapping of the D, F and P loci could be unambiguously determined. Locus D, involved in the biosynthesis of red anthocyanins, was mapped on chromosome 2, while locus P, involved in the production of blue anthocyanins, was mapped on chromosome 11. Locus F, involved in the flower-specific expression of gene(s) accommodated by the D and P loci, was mapped on chromosome 10. The tester clones and the map position of the D, F and P loci may be of considerable value in simplifying the genetics of anthocyanin pigmentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222091
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