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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precursors for Cholesterol Synthesis (7-Dehydrocholesterol, 7-Dehydrodesmosterol, and Desmosterol): Cholesterol/7-Dehydrocholesterol Ratio as an Index of Development and Aging in PNS but Not in CNS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 54 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In rat sciatic nerve, the 7-dehydrocholesterol content decreased dramatically during the postnatal period and slowly during adulthood and aging. In contrast, the 7-dehydrodesmosterol content peaked at 14 days and was nearly undetectable after 60 days. The desmosterol content peaked at 21 days and was nearly undetectable after 1 year. The cholesterol content increased up to 21 days and remained nearly constant thereafter. In brain (in contrast to sciatic nerve), 7-dehydrodesmosterol and desmosterol contents decreased dramatically during development and slightly during adulthood and aging; the 7-dehydrocholesterol content peaked at 21 days and remained constant during aging. Only 7-dehydrocholesterol was dramatically more concentrated in PNS than in CNS. In brain, the cholesterol/7-dehydrocholesterol ratio increased during development and remained stable after 6 months. In contrast, in sciatic nerve, this ratio continuously increased during development and aging (950-fold between 5 days and 18 months). Thus, the cholesterol/7-dehydrocholesterol ratio is a useful biochemical index of development and aging in the PNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01948.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acylgalactosylceramides in Developing Dysmyelinating Mutant Mice (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 50 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Acylgalactosylceramides (AGC) from forebrains of normal and dysmyelinating (quaking and shiverer) mice were purified by Florisil column chromatography and preparative TLC. These procedures resolved the AGC on the basis of their Rf values into two main fractions which co-nigrate with their homologs from rat forebrains. In control animals, AGC were detectable in mouse forebrains from the eighth postnatal day and reached maximal values within 20 days. The same developmental pattern was obtained in dysmyelinating shiverer mice but the AGC content was reduced to approximately 30% of control values. In quaking mutants, the AGC were hardly detected. They were also present in sciatic nerve of normal mice and to a lesser extent in trembler mice. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of both ester- and amide-linked fatty acids isolated from AGC of normal and shiverer mice shows that the shiverer mutant AGC display a chemical structure similar to that of normal AGC. AGC constituents of control myelin are reduced by approximately 70% in shiverer myelin, indicating that these molecules can be considered as early markers of oligodendrocyte differentiation. The early arrest of myelinogenesis in the quaking animals and the near absence of AGC are in good agreement with this proposal. Moreover, the reduced amount of AGC in the trembler PNS indicates that AGC could also be early markers for differentiation of the Schwann cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02995.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myelin Composition and Activities of CNPase and Na+, K+-ATPase in Hypomyelinated “pt” Mutant Rabbit (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 50 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A disorder of CNS myelination was found in paralytic tremor (“pt”) rabbits. The condition is inherited in a sex-linked recessive mode. Ultrastructurally, an obvious myelin deficiency with aberration of myelin sheath formation is observed. The yield of myelin isolation was reduced to 20–30% of control. Myelin isolated from 4-week-old “pt” rabbits contained reduced amounts of galactosphingolipids and of several myelin protein markers. Moreover, myelin basic protein, analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, showed a deficit in its more basic components. All these facts suggest a delay in myelin maturation. Ganglioside content was increased as well as Na+, K+-ATPase specific activity. 2′,3′-Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNPase) specific activity was the same in “pt” as in control myelin but differed by having greater sensitivity to detergent activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb13238.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arachidonoyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase and Nonspecific AcylCoenzyme A Synthetase Activities in Purified Rat Brain Microvessels (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 48 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Purified rat brain microvessels were prepared to demonstrate the occurrence of acyl-CoA (EC 6.2.1.3) synthesis activity in the microvasculature of rat brain. Both ara-chidonoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-CoA synthesis activities showed an absolute requirement for ATP and CoA. This activity was strongly enhanced by magnesium chloride and inhibited by EDTA. The apparent Km values for acyl-CoA synthesis by purified rat brain microvessels were 4.0 μM and 5.8 μM for palmitic acid and arachidonic acid, respectively. The apparent Vmax values were 1.0 and 1.5 nmol min−1 mg protein−1 for palmitic acid and arachidonic acid, respectively. Cross-competition experiments showed inhibition of radiolabelled arachidonoyl-CoA formation by 15 μM unlabelled arachidonic acid, with a Ki of 7.1 μM, as well as by unlabelled docosahexaenoic acid, with a Ki of 8.0 μM. Unlabelled palmitic acid and arachidic acid had no inhibitory effect on arachidonoyl-CoA synthesis. In comparison, radiolabelled palmitoyl-CoA formation was inhibited competitively by 15 μM unlabelled palmitic acid, with a Ki of 5.0 μM and to a much lesser extent by arachidonic acid (Ki, 23 μM). The Vmax of palmitoyl-CoA formation obtained on incubation in the presence of the latter fatty acids was not changed. Unlabelled arachidic acid and docosahexaenoic acid had no inhibitory effect on palmitoyl-CoA synthesis. Both arachidonoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-CoA synthesis activities were thermolabile. Arachidonoyl-CoA formation was inhibited by 75% after 7 min at 40°C whereas a 3-min heating treatment was sufficient to produce the same relative inhibition of palmitoyl-CoA synthesis. These data together strongly suggest that rat brain microvessels have the capacity to catalyze specifically the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives from several polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids, including arachidonic acid in the first place. Besides this particular arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase, palmitic acid could be activated with the aid of a second acyl-CoA synthetase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05640.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration of α-Tocopherol Content in the Developing and Aging Peripheral Nervous System: Persistence of High Correlations with Total and Specific (n-6) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 54 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In contrast to brain, the scialic nerve concentration of vitamin E in rats increased rapidly during the postnatal period (approximately fivefold between days 1 and 8), then decreased dramatically (about twofold between days 8 and 30), and further decreased slowly between days 30 and 60 and remained constant up to 2 years. Although the sciatic nerve concentration of vitamin E decreased by 58% between days 8 and 30, the concentration of vitamin E in serum presented a marked decrease (∼75%). The vitamin E concentrations varied in a similar pattern in whole sciatic nerve and in endoneurium and showed a very close correlation (r= 0.94). The age-related changes in fatty acid concentration of the endoneurial fraction of the sciatic nerve were characterized by a large increase in content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids up to 6 months (twofold for saturated and fourfold for monounsaturated fatty acids). Then, up to 24 months, the amount of these fatty acids decreased very slowly. The content of (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) decreased rapidly up to 1 year and slowly afterward. In contrast, during development the amount of (n-3) PUFA was relatively stable and decreased during aging. A highly significant correlation between vitamin E and (n-6) PUFA [18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6), and total (n-6)) was observed but not between (n-3) PUFA and vitamin E. It is suggested that there may be a relationship between vitamin E and (n-6) PUFA in the PNS membranes during development and aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04917.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and Utilization of Double-Labeled High-Density Lipoprotein Sphingomyelin in Isolated Brain Capillaries of Adult Rats (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 53 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Isolated rat brain capillaries were incubated in the presence of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) containing [stearic acid-14C, (methyI-3H)choline]sphmgomyelim. This double-labeled sphingomyelin was taken up in a concentration-dependent manner. Cerebral capillary-associated sphingomyelin had a 3H/14C ratio close to that of the incubation medium, a result indicating uptake of sphingomyelin without prior hydrolysis. TLC of lipid extracted from capillaries showed that part of the sphingomyelin (up to 40%) was hy-drolyzed in the brain capillaries to ceramide and free fatty acids. The hydrolysis was proportional to the amount of in-corporated sphingomyelin and reached a plateau when the HDL sphingomyelin concentration in the medium was 237 nmol/ml. The results of “pulse-chase” experiments showed that the choline moiety of sphingomyelin was recovered in the incubation medium after the chase period and that there was no redistribution of liberated choline in phosphatidylcholine of capillaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07391.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional Alterations in Blood-to-Brain Transfer of α-Aminoisobutyric Acid and Sucrose, After Chronic Administration and Withdrawal of Dexamethasone (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 52 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of dexamethasone administration and withdrawal was studied with respect to blood-brain barrier function. The tracers α-[3H]aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) (MW 104) and [14C]sucrose (MW 342), which have a low permeability across the intact endothelium, were simultaneously injected intravenously in rats treated with dexamethasone and placebo-treated control animals or in rats in which dexamethasone treatment was discontinued 3 days before the experiment. Unidirectional transfer constants (Ki) were determined in discrete brain regions. Steroid administration reduced the rate of influx of AIB and sucrose, whereas discontinuation of drug resulted in an increased permeability. These findings suggest that when exposure to glucocorticoids is prolonged, the efficiency of medical treatment of CNS diseases may decrease due to reduction of drug delivery to CNS. Thus, these experimental findings may have particular importance in the clinical setting of drug administration when considering the combination of steroids with other drugs, and may aid in understanding better the pathogenesis of some types of brain edema seen in patients from whom corticosteroid therapy has been withdrawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb02509.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of Altered Fatty Acid Composition Induced by a Diet Devoid of n-3 Fatty Acids in Myelin, Synaptosomes, Mitochondria, and Microsomes of Developing Rat Brain (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Rats were fed a semisynthetic diet containing either sunflower oil or soya oil. Half the litter fed with sunflower oil diet was changed to a soya oil diet when the pups were 15 days old (during active myelination). Fatty acid analysis was then performed on subcellular fractions of the animals fed (a) soya oil, (b) sunflower oil, and (c) soya oil replacing sunflower oil from the 15th day, to determine the speed of the recovery. All material from animals fed sunflower oil showed an important reduction in docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3), compensated by an increase in docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-6), whereas arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) was not affected. In all fractions examined, when sunflower oil was replaced by soya oil in 15-day-old pups the recovery started from the very first day but lasted more than 2 months (this recovery was determined by the increase of 22:6 n-3 up to the normal value and decrease of the 22:5 n-6). In addition a delay was found for myelin recovery, starting only from the 25th day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb12950.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased Metabolism of Cerebrosides and Sulfatides in Rat Sciatic Nerve After Intraneural Injection of Colchicine (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 51 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: To obtain an understanding of the importance of the neuronal cytoskeleton in Schwann cell metabolism, an antimicrotubular agent (colchicine) was injected into the rat sciatic nerve 24 or 48 h before incubation of the nerve with labeled precursor: [35S]sulfate, [14C]galactose, or [3H]-galactose. Colchicine inhibited the incorporation of 35S radioactivity into sulfatides and, to a lesser extent, into proteins. With galactose as the radioactive precursor, synthesis of cerebrosides was reduced by colchicine injection, whereas incorporation of radioactivity into phosphatidyl-serine and phosphatidylcholine increased. Intraneural injection of lumicolchicine had no effect. The effects of colchicine on the metabolism of the Schwann cell are discussed in relation to its action on microtubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01080.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Dexamethasone on Transport of α-Aminoisobutyric Acid and Sucrose Across the Blood-Brain Barrier (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 51 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of glucocorticoids on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied in rats following a single injection or 3 days of dexamethasone administration. Tracers with a low permeability across the intact endothelium, [14C]sucrose and α-[3H]aminoisobutyric acid ([3H]AIB), were simultaneously injected intravenously in untreated rats or in rats treated with dexamethasone. Unidirectional blood-to-brain transfer constants (Ki) in 14 regions of the rat brain were determined. In regions of control brain, average Ki values for AIB and sucrose were ∼0.0020 and 0.00060 ml g−1 min−1, respectively. The lowest transfer constants were found in caudate nucleus, hippocampus, white matter, and cerebellum. In dexamethasone-treated animals, Ki values for both sucrose and AIB markedly decreased by 30-50% in almost all brain regions. These results indicate that a single injection or 3 days of treatment with dexamethasone causes an apparent reduction in the normal BBB permeability, and dexamethasone may greatly interfere with drug delivery into brain. These observations may have an importance for the administration of drugs in brain disease in the presence of steroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01094.x
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