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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Geological and volcanological studies were performed in the Herculaneum excavations, 7 km west of Vesuvius, Italy, to reconstruct the main features of the pyroclastic density currents and the temporal sequence of the ad 79 eruptive events that destroyed and buried the town. The identification of two distinctive marker beds allows correlation of these deposits with the better-known sequences to the south of Vesuvius, along the dispersal axis of the Plinian fall deposit. Detailed observations from stratigraphic sections show that the pyroclastic density current deposits are characterized by several sedimentary facies, each recording different depositional and emplacement mechanisms. Facies analysis reveals both lateral and vertical variations from massive to stratified deposits, which can be related to the combined effects of flow dynamics and local irregularities of the substratum at centimetre or metre scales. These topographic irregularities enhanced turbulence and allowed rapid transition from non-turbulent to turbulent transport within the flow. Fabric data from these deposits, both from roof tile orientations and anisotropy magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analyses carried out on some of the pyroclastic deposits, suggest that the pyroclastic density currents were strongly affected by the presence of buildings. These obstacles probably caused deflection and separation of flows into multiple lobes that moved in different directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 82 (1976), S. 415-420 
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 19 (2000), S. 165-169 
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Raynaud's phenomenon ; Nerve conduction velocity ; Carpal tunnel syndrome ; Systemic sclerosis ; Polyneuropathy ; Median nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A prospective study of upper limb nerve conduction velocity was performed in 39 subjects (9 males, 30 females, mean age 46.8 years) with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and 18 patients (3 males, 15 females, mean age 49.9 years) with RP secondary to systemic sclerosis (SS). Five subjects with idiopathic RP (13%) showed slowing of sensory conduction velocity (SCV) of the distal median nerve, associated with delayed distal motor latency (DML) of the same nerve in three patients, without clinical signs or symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Three patients with secondary RP (17%) had reduction of SCV of the distal median nerve, associated with increased DML of the same nerve in one and with clinically silent slowing of SCV of the ulnar nerve in two (11%). Mean distal SCVs of the median nerve were significantly lower and mean DMLs were significantly higher in both groups with respect to a control group. Mean distal conduction of the ulnar nerve was significantly slower only in the group with secondary RP. No slowing was observed in the proximal part of any nerve. It seems likely that patients with idiopathic RP have slowing of conduction in the distal part of the median nerve, along the carpal tunnel. Since slowing does not occur in all parts of the nerves of the hand, it cannot be related to acral vasomotor disturbances, but to local or systemic factors. In contrast, patients with secondary RP had slowing of median and ulnar nerve conduction velocity, presumably related to subclinical distal peripheral neuropathy. A nerve conduction study of the hand could be useful in cases of suspected secondary origin of RP. In idiopathic RP, slowing of conduction may only affect the median nerve, whereas in secondary RP it may affect other nerves of the hand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Sulphur isotopes ; alkaline magmas magma degassing ; magma contamination ; Vulture Volcano ; Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Both the δ34S value and the total S content of products from Vulture Volcano, Italy are mainly controlled by the separation of S gases, predominantly SO2, from high f O2 magmas containing S predominantly as SO2– 4. The addition of evaporites to such magmas appears to be a relatively uncommon and limited phenomenon. The total S content of the most primitive product of Vulture Volcano (5600 mg/kg) is very high. The high δ34S value of 4ö indicates an origin through the partial melting of a mantle containing high S, enriched in 34S of unknown origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Physical, chemical and isotopic parameters were measured in fumaroles at the Vulcano crater and in drowned fumaroles near the beach. The data were used to define boundary conditions for possible conceptual models of the system.Crater fumaroles: time variations of CO2 and SO2 concentrations indicate mixing of saline gas-rich water with local fresh water. Cl/Br ratios of 300– 400 favour sea-water as a major source for Cl, Brand part of the water in the fumaroles. Cl concentrations and δD values revealed, independently, amixing of 0.75 sea-water with 0.25 local freshwaterin furmarole F-5 during September 1982.Patterns of parameter correlation and mass balances reveal that CO2, S, NH3 and B originate from sources other than sea water. The CO2 value of δ13C = − 2%o favours, at least partial, origin from decomposition of sedimentary rocks rather than mantle-derived material. Radiogenic4He(1.3 × lO−3 ccSTP/g water) and radiogenic40Ar(10.6 × 10−4 ccSTP/g water) are observed, (4He/40Ar)radiogenic = 1.2, well in the range of values observed in geothermal systems.Drowned fumaroles: strongly bubbling gas at a pond and at the beachappears to have the same origin and initial compositionas the crater fumaroles (2 km away). The fumarolic gas is modified by depletion of the reactive gases, caused by dissolution in shallow-water. Atmospheric Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe are addeden route, some radiogenic He and Ar are maintained. The Vulcano system seems to be strongly influenced by the contribution of sea-water and decomposition of sedimentary rocks. Evidence of magmatic contributions is mainly derived from heat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 67 (1978), S. 598-614 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The Secca Fawn-1 hole, drilled in 1968 by Gulf Oil Co. on the western margin of Southern Red Sea, crossed at 1400 m depth a sequence of late Miocene-early Pliocene submarine basaltic flows, at least 600 m thick. This paper reports the results of the study of these basalts. Homogenous basaltic fragments were separated from 22 cuttings and analyzed for major elements; several trace elements were determined on 11 of these samples. All basalts have the composition of transitional olivine-tholeiites and a primary vertical variation, with a tendency towards a slightly more alkalic composition, was recognized in spite of the chemical changes induced by sea-water alteration which has affected rather deeply these rocks. Secca Fawn-1 basalts appear to be geochemically intermediate between typical low-K oceanic tholeiites as those erupted at Red Sea central trough and the transitional olivine-tholeiites of the spreading axes of the neighbouring Afar rift. K-Ar age results of 5.8 and 8.2 m. y. were obtained on two selected samples; these dates are however subject to caution because of the state of alteration of the samples. The structural implications of these data are discussed and it is thought that Secca Fawn-l basalts are related either to a localized spreading episode avorted in early Pliocene, or to extensional tectonics on the attenuated continental lithosphere of the Red Sea margin.
    Abstract: Résumé Le sondage Secca Fawn-l, foré en 1968 par la Gulf Oil Co. sur le bord occidental de la Mer Rouge méridionale, a traversé, à la profondeur de 1400 mètres, une série épaisse de 600 mètres, faite de coulées basaltiques sous-marines d'âge Miocène supérieur à Pliocène inférieur. On en a analysé 22 fragments homogènes provenant de cuttings, et on en a déterminé les éléments majeurs ainsi que quelques éléments en traces dans 11 de ces échantillons. Tous les basaltes sont des tholéiites à olivine transitionnelles; une variation verticale primaire montrant dans les basaltes plus récents une tendance plus alcaline a été reconnue, ce qui peut être attribué à une altération chimique due à l'eau marine. — Du point de vue géochimique, les basaltes de Secca Fawn-1 sont intermédiaires entre des tholéiites océaniques pauvres en K, typiques, comme celles du Fossé central de la Mer Rouge, et les tholéiites à olivine transitionelles des axes d'expansion de la zone voisine du Rift de l'Afar. Des âges K-Ar de 5,8 et 8,2 m. a. ont été obtenus sur des échantillons provenant de la partie centrale de la série; mais ces datations doivent etre regardées avec précaution, car ces échantillons ont subi une altération secondaire. Les implications structurelles sont discutées; on envisage 2 possibilités: les basaltes de Secca Fawn-1 peuvent être liés soit à un épisode d'expansion localisée au début du Pliocène, ou bien à une tectonique disjonctive atténuée dans la lithosphère continentale du bord de la Mer Rouge.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Secca-Fawn-l-Bohrung, die 1968 von der Gulf Oil Company am westlichen Rand des südlichen Roten Meeres abgeteuft wurde, erreichte in 1400 m Tiefe eine Folge von jungmiozänen bis altpliozänen submarinen Basaltlagen, die mindestens 600 m mächtig sind. Es wurden homogene Basaltfragmente aus den Cuttings auf ihren Hauptelementgehalt hin analysiert; zahlreiche Spurenelemente wurden in einer Reihe dieser Proben bestimmt. Alle Basalte haben die Zusammensetzung von Übergangs-Olivin-Tholeiiten. Die primäre vertikale Veränderung zeigt eine zunehmende Tendenz zu mehr alkalischer Zusammensetzung, was auf eine chemische Veränderung durch Seewassereinfluß in diesen Gesteinen zurückgeführt werden kann. Die Secca-Fawn-1-Basalte erscheinen geochemisch zwischen typischen ozeanischen Tholeiiten mit niedrigen K-Werten, wie sie im Roten Meer im zentralen Graben auftreten, und Übergangs-Olivin-Tholeiiten entlang der spreading-Achse in der benachbarten Afar-Rift-Zone. Die K-Ar-Alter ergeben 5,8 und 8,2 m. y. Diese Alter sind jedoch mit Vorsicht zu betrachten, da die Proben einer sekundären Veränderung unterworfen waren. Als Folgerungen für die Strukturgeologie ergeben sich Zusammenhänge für eine frühe spreading-Episode im Altpliozän oder eine Dehnungstektonik in der kontinentalen Lithosphäre des Rotmeerrandes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Aorta, aneurysm—Renal artery, stenosis—Prostheses—Images, virtual—Spiral CT.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Virtual endoscopy enables the creation of endoluminal views of the aorta and its branches by processing spiral computed tomographic (CT) images, thereby allowing the preoperative and postoperative evaluations of abdominal aortic aneurysms, aneurysms of the splenic, celiac, and common iliac arteries, and renal artery stenoses. Moreover, it is helpful for verifying the position of stents and endoprostheses from within the aortic lumen. This method is a promising addition to spiral CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 58 (1996), S. 380-392 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Montserrat Island ; Soufrière Hills Volcano ; Fluid geochemistry ; Hydrothermal fluids ; Magmatic fluids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Two geochemical surveys carried out in March 1991 and September 1992 revealed the existence of a hydrothermal system in the southern portion of Montserrat Island, below Soufrière Hills Volcano. This conclusion is supported by the presence of: (a) the thermal springs of Plymouth which are fed by deep Na–Cl waters (Cl concentration ∼25 000 mg/kg, temperature ca. 250  °C) mixed with shallow steam-heated waters; (b) the four fumarolic fields of Galway's Soufrière, Gages Upper Soufrière, Gages Lower Soufrière, and Tar River Soufrière, where acid to neutral, steam-heated waters are present together with several fumarolic vents, discharging vapors formed through boiling of hydrothermal aqueous solutions. Involvement of magmatic fluids in the recharge of the hydrothermal aquifers is suggested by: (a) the high 3He/4He ratios of fumarolic fluids, i.e., 8.2 RA at Galway's Soufrière and 5.9 RA at Gages Lower Soufrière; (b) the δD and δ18O values of Na–Cl thermal springs and steam condensates, indicating the involvement of arc-type magmatic water in the formation of deep geothermal liquids; and (c) the CH4/CO2 ratios of fumarolic fluids, which are lower than expected for equilibrium with the FeO–FeO1.5 hydrothermal rock buffer, but being shifted towards the SO2–H2S magmatic gas buffer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 57 (1995), S. 99-110 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Fumaroles ; Fluid chemistry ; δD value ; δ18O value ; Volcanic surveillance ; Vulcano Island
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Variations in δD and δ18O values with H2O contents and outlet temperatures indicate that the fumaroles of La Fossa crater have discharged mixtures of magmatic water and marine hydrothermal water, since 1979. The contribution of meteoric water was low in the period 1979–1982 and very low afterwards. The δ18O values of the marine-hydrothermal component of +5 to +7.2‰ are due to isotopic exchange with the 18O-rich silicates of the rocks under high-temperature and low-permeability conditions. The δ18O value of the magmatic end-member is generally +3.5 to +4.3‰, although values as high as +5.5 to +6.5‰ were reached in the summer of 1988, when magma degassing appears to have extended into the core of the magma body. The δD values of the end-member were close to -20‰, typical of andesitic waters. Both the isotopic values and chemical data strongly support a ‘dry’ model, consisting of a central magmatic gas column and a surrounding hydrothermal envelope, in which marine hydrothermal brines move along limited fracture zones to undergo total evaporation on approaching the conduits of magmatic fluids. The vents at the eastern and western boundaries of the fumarolic field are fed by fluids whose pressure is governed by the coexistence of vapor, liquid and halite, giving rise to a high risk of phreato magmatic explosions, should magma penetrate into these wet environments. Most La Fossa eruptions were triggered by an initial hydrothermal blast and continued with a series of phreatomagmatic explosions. The fluids discharged by the Forgia Vecchia fumaroles are mixed with meteoric water, which is largely evaporated, although subordinate loss of condensed steam may be responsible for scrubbing most of the acidic gas species. The temperatures and pressures, and the risk of a sudden pressure increase, are low. A boiling hydrothermal aquifer at 230° C is present underneath the Baia di Levante beach. This area has a minor risk of hydrothermal explosions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Sulphur isotopes ; alkaline magmas magma degassing ; magma contamination ; Vulture Volcano, Italy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Both the δ34 value and the total S content of products from Vulture Volcano, Italy are mainly controlled by the separation of S gases, predominantly SO2, from high f O2magmas containing S predominantly as SO 2- 4 . The addition of evaporites to such magmas appears to be a relatively uncommon and limited phenomenon. The total S content of the most primitive product of Vulture Volcano (5600 mg/kg) is very high. The high δ34S value of 4‰ indicates an origin through the partial melting of a mantle containing high S, enriched in 34S of unknown origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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