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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 45 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin (IL)-15 is a newly described cytokine with properties similar to IL-2. Even though it does not share sequence homology with IL-2, both cytokines bind to the same receptor with the noted exception of a cytokine specific α-chain. In this study the authors compared IL-2 and IL-15 to determine their ability to rescue short term activated lymphocytes (phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 6 days, followed by expansion in medium containing IL-2 for 2 days) from apoptotic cell death. The authors found that both IL-2 and IL-15 can inhibit induction of apoptosis in this experimental model with similar time and dose kinetics. On mRNA or protein levels induction of pro- and anti-apoptotic gene products like fasL, bcl-2, or bax with minor effects on fas/Apo-1 or bcl-xL was observed under culture conditions with both IL-2 and IL-15. Next, it was found that phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) blasts were less responsive (in terms of cellular proliferation and prevention from apoptosis) to IL-2 if signals through the α-chain were blocked, with no effect on β-chain specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). By contrast, IL-15 was less effective in induction of cellular proliferation and prevention of apoptosis if IL-2R β-chain specific MoAb were added to cell cultures. Testing intracellular signalling induced by IL-2 or IL-15, the authors found identical changes in tyrosine phosphorylation patterns in PHA blasts cultured in medium or under IL-2 or IL-15 stimulation. By contrast, they found consistent differences if PHA stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were expanded in medium containing IL-15 (instead of IL-2). These IL-15 expanded PHA blasts showed a significantly increased percentage of apoptosis after growth factor withdrawal. Furthermore, IL-2 was more efficient than IL-15 in rescuing IL-15 expanded PHA blasts from apoptosis. In IL-15 expanded PHA blasts expression of IL-2R α-chain was lower than that in IL-2 expanded PHA blasts. A model presenting a differential role for IL-2 and IL-15 in inhibition of apoptosis in vivo is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 58 (1999), S. 95-99 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Heberden-Arthrose ; primäre Polyarthrose ; Key words Heberden nodes ; primary osteoarthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Heberden nodes affect mainly middle-aged women. Inheritance is autosomal dominant in female and autosomal recessive in male patients.  We report the case of a young man who presented already with 12 years of age with pain in the distal finger joints. There were no other clinical or serological signs for other rheumatoid diseases, like psoriatic or rheumatoid arthritis. Radiologic findings were consistent with Heberden‘s osteoarthritis of the finger joints. The joint changes remained clinically and radiologically stable during a time period of more than 15 years. The HLA typing revealed the haplotype HLA A1, B8 and DR4, in accordance with former studies which reported a higher frequency of HLA A1, B8 in families with primary osteoarthritis (early onset osteoarthritis of the large joints in combination with Heberden nodes).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Heberden-Arthrose betrifft hauptsächlich das weibliche Geschlecht im mittleren Alter und wird bei Frauen autosomal dominant und bei Männern autosomal rezessiv vererbt. Wir berichten über den Fall eines männlichen Patienten bei dem bereits im Alter von 12 Jahren eine Heberden-Arthrose der Fingergelenke auftrat. Im Laufe von mehr als 15 Jahren waren diese Veränderungen bei dem Patienten weder klinisch noch radiologisch progredient. Bei der HLA-Typisierung fand sich der Haplotyp HLA A1, B8 und DR4, passend zu anderen Studien, die eine erhöhte Frequenz von HLA A1, B8 bei familiärer Polyarthrose berichten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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