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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charging of pattern features during plasma etching (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5314-5317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The localized charging of a rectangular trench during the plasma etching of a perfectly insulating surface was modeled assuming an isotropic electron flux and monodirectional ion bombardment. The field set up by the localized charging acts to deflect arriving ions, modifying the ion flux densities within the feature, and thus, etching rates. Preliminary simulations indicate that this may be important in the shaping of etching profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350241
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  • 2
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    On Scoring Procedures for Multiple Choice Tests (1969)
    Washington D.C., Wash. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Journal of Experimental Education. 38:1 (1969:Fall) 9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0973
    Topics: Education
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:h101-1969-038-01-000003
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  • 3
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    On Scoring Multiple Choice Exams Allowing for Partial Knowledge (1970)
    Washington D.C., Wash. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Journal of Experimental Education. 39:1 (1970:Fall) 8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0973
    Topics: Education
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:h101-1970-039-01-000002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic α-interferon expression in cytomegalovirus-infected liver allograft recipients with and without vanishing bile duct syndrome (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Liver transplantation ; α-Interferon ; Cytomegalovirus ; Vanishing bile duct syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In previous studies cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was identified as one risk factor in the development of vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), but its precise role in relation to the pathogenesis of tissue damage is uncertain. In the present study a-interferon (α-IFN) expression in the liver was studied as an indirect marker of viral infection in serial liver biopsies from 42 patients following OLT. α-IFN was identified more frequently in the bile duct cytoplasm of patients developing VBDS, with or without evidence of preceding CMV infection (7/8 and 4/5 cases, respectively), when compared with patients with acute CMV but without evidence of VBDS (6/19 cases; P〈0.05) or those with neither complication (2/10 cases; P〈0.01). α-IFN was detectable in bile duct cytoplasm for a longer period in patients developing VBDS than in those with acute CMV infection alone (median 14 weeks and range 9–19, median 6 weeks and range 1–11 weeks, respectively; P〈 0.025). These data indicate that persistent CMV infection of bile duct cells is a likely co-factor linked to progression to VBDS, but the processes that allow persistent viral infection and bile duct destruction remain to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180101
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endoskopische Therapie solider Tumoren des Gastrointestinaltrakts (1998)
    Springer
    Der Internist 39 (1998), S. 1148-1158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tumortherapie ; Endoskopie ; Palliation ; Frühkarzinome ; gastrointestinale Tumore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Während die endoskopisch-interventionellen Verfahren zur Behandlung gastrointestinaler Tumoren in der Vergangenheit vorwiegend im Rahmen der Palliation angewendet wurden, werden sie derzeit immer häufiger auch kurativ eingesetzt. Darüber wird in dieser Übersicht im Hinblick auf das Ösophagus-, Magen-, kolorektale-, Pankreas-, Gallengangs- und Gallenblasenkarzinom referiert. Neben der endoskopischen Mukosa- und Polypektomie gelten Laservaporisation, Argon-Plasma-Koagulation und die photodynamische Therapie als etablierte Methoden. Insbesondere die Verfahren zur Beseitigung von intestinalen Passagehindernissen und Stenosen, die den Tumorpatienten bekanntermaßen extreme Qualen bereiten, sollten nicht nur den spezialisierten Kollegen, sondern auch den hausärztlichen nachbehandelnden Ärztinnen und Ärzten bekannt sein, um weder kurativ noch palliativ etwas zu versäumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001080050286
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of low-dose prednisolone on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in liver transplant recipients: radioimmunoassay with specific and non-specific monoclonal antibodies (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics ; Prednisolone ; Liver transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The following study of cyclosporine pharmacokinetics was performed to investigate the effects of withdrawal of low-dose maintenance prednisolone (0.3–0.6 mg/kg body weight) from the routine immunosuppressive regimen given to 10 liver transplant recipients with stable liver function tests. After oral administration of cyclosporine (6.4–10.3 mg/kg) whole blood concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with both a specific monoclonal antibody detecting parent drug and a non-specific antibody additionally detecting a cross-section of metabolites. Withdrawal of prednisolone produced no significant change in the mean time and concentration of maximum blood cyclosporine (3.3 h and 1160 μg/l, respectively), the initial and terminal elimination half-life (3.5 h and 18.4 h, respectively) and the area under the blood concentration versus time curve (AUC) measured with either the specific or non-specific monoclonal antibody. Measurements with these two antibodies indicated that the terminal elimination of cyclosporine metabolites was more rapid than for the parent drug (half-life: 14.5 vs 18.4, respectively).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flux rate effects in the erosive wear of elastomers (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 833-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The variation of erosion rate with particle flux was studied for five elastomers (natural rubber and epoxidized natural rubber, both with and without antioxidant, and butyl rubber) whilst subject to erosion by 120μm silica particles at 50 m sec−1. Th.e erosion rate was found to increase at low particle fluxes, for the elastomers without antioxidant. Infrared spectroscopy showed that there was a considerable degree of oxygen incorporation into the elastomer surface during erosion. Studies with an intermittent erosion stream suggest that a transient reaction occurs on impact causing degradation of the elastomer surface, which can account for the variation of erosion rate with particle flux. Studies with a range of erodent particles (silica, alumina, silicon carbide and soda-lime glass beads) showed that the degradation is more pronounced for hydrophilic particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01148765
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Craze initiation during the environmental stress cracking of polymers (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 655-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The environmental stress cracking behaviour of polycarbonate in ethanol was studied with the aim of critically evaluating craze initiation criteria. A combination of constant strain-rate tensile tests and creep tests were conducted in air and ethanol. The onset of crazing was determined by the use of departure points, which were shown to correlate well with the formation of optically visible crazes. Samples with different states of physical ageing and hence different relaxational behaviour were used to test out various initiation criteria. It was found that crazing occurred when the slower α relaxations had accumulated a certain amount of strain, in this case, 0.1%, and that a criterion based on critical inelastic strain was the most appropriate. Post-immersion tests showed that the development of craze precursors occurs independently of the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356325
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous testing of McNemar's problem for several populations (1975)
    Springer
    Psychometrika 40 (1975), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-0980
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract McNemar's problem concerns the hypothesis of equal probabilities for the unlike pairs of correlated binary variables. We consider four different extensions to this problem, each for testing simultaneous equality of proportions of unlike pairs inc independent populations of correlated binary variables, but each under different assumptions and/or additional hypotheses. For each extension both the likelihood ratio test and the goodness-of-fit chi-square test are given. Whenc=1, all cases reduce to McNemar's problem. Forc ≥ 2, however, the tests are quite different, depending on exactly how the hypothesis and alternatives of McNemar are extended. An example illustrates how widely the results may differ, depending on which extended framework is appropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02291562
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subpopulation of alveolar macrophages inhibits superoxide anion production by macrophages (1987)
    Springer
    Inflammation 11 (1987), S. 371-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2576
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pig alveolar macrophages are a heterogeneous population of cells. Three subpopulations or bands exist when the whole population is separated according to density. Band 1 cells are the least dense cells and constitute 9% of the total population. Bands 2 and 3 represent 44 and 47% of the total population. The three subpopulations generate superoxide anions, although to varying degrees. Band 3 cells are the most active, while band 1 cells are the least active. The amount of superoxide anions released in a mixed population of bands 1, 2, and 3 cells was less than the sum of that produced from each band assayed separately. Band 1 cells were found to inhibit by 47% the production of superoxide anions by band 3 cells. Conditioned medium from band 1 cells contains a heat-sensitive, nondialyzable, soluble factor responsible for this inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00915841
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