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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Harmonic detection of multipole moments and absolute calibration in a simple, low-cost vibrating sample magnetometer (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: The design and fabrication of a low-cost, highly sensitive, fully automated vibrating sample magnetometer for dc magnetization measurements is described. Harmonic detection of magnetic multipole moments is demonstrated experimentally in an inhomogeneously magnetized nickel sample at room temperature and in a gadolinium sample across the magnetic phase transition. A method is presented to nullify the earth's effective field even without any shielding. More significant, the setup uses only one lock-in amplifier for signal detection, vibration excitation, and temperature measurement and control. First principles calculations give an absolute determination of the instrumental conversion factor that agrees with the experimental calibration factor. The setup is stable from 77 to 300 K, the overall sensitivity is ≤5×10−6 emu, and the reproducibility is ≤1%. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149545
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Study of back reflectors for amorphous silicon alloy solar cell application (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 1030-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The role of back reflectors in enhancing the absorption of weakly absorbing, long-wavelength light has been investigated as applied to amorphous silicon alloy solar cells. The reflectance and scattering properties of various types of back reflectors have been studied. The performance of p-i-n amorphous silicon alloy solar cells deposited on different back reflectors has been analyzed. The studies elucidate the role of back reflectors in improving the short-circuit current density and thereby the efficiency of the cell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347418
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-rate (∼50-A(ring)/s) deposition of ZnO films for amorphous silicon alloy solar-cell back-reflector application (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 1692-1694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Back reflectors have been fabricated by the deposition of ZnO films on textured Ag films. High deposition rates of ∼50 A(ring)/s have been achieved by the dc magnetron sputtering technique. The ZnO target used has been prepared in our laboratory. Amorphous silicon alloy solar cells have been deposited on the ZnO/textured Ag back reflector. Control samples have been prepared by the deposition of identical cells on the same back reflector, but in which the ZnO films have been prepared by a low-rate ∼5-A(ring)/s rf sputtering process. The short-circuit current density, which has been used as the primary test parameter for evaluating the back reflectors, is slightly superior in the case of the high-rate ZnO back reflector. The high-rate deposition process is, therefore, attractive for large-volume production application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349538
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Band edge discontinuities between microcrystalline and amorphous hydrogenated silicon alloys and their effect on solar cell performance (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2323-2325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have used internal photoemission measurements to determine the electrical band gap of microcrystalline p-type layers used in a-Si:H alloy solar cells, and the band edge discontinuities of the conduction and the valence bands between μc-Si:H and a-Si:H alloys. The band gap ofμc-Si:H is found to be around 1.6 eV, and the discontinuities at the conduction and the valence band edges are −0.02 and 0.26 eV, respectively. Use of these parameters in the numerical simulation of single-junction a-Si:H alloy solar cells is found to accurately predict the experimental results of solar cell performance. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114332
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Carrier collection losses in amorphous silicon and amorphous silicon–germanium alloy solar cells (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2975-2977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The carrier collection losses in amorphous silicon (a-Si) and amorphous silicon–germanium (a-SiGe) alloy single-junction nip cells have been experimentally investigated by measuring the biased quantum efficiency and color (blue and red) fill factor values. The study has identified losses near the p/i junction and the bulk of the i layer. The extent of the losses have been found to be dependent on the quality and thickness of the i layer and the nature of the n-layer surface. The results suggest a broad interrelationship between the initial film properties and deposition conditions and an inhomogeneity in the direction of film growth. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114830
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An automated susceptometer for the measurement of linear and nonlinear magnetic ac susceptibility (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4075-4079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A completely automated ac susceptometer is constructed to measure phase resolved linear and nonlinear ac susceptibility. Measurements over a wide range of experimental variables, such as ac and superimposed dc fields up to 300 Oe, frequency from 1 Hz to 100 kHz, and temperature from 77 to 300 K are made using only a lock-in amplifier (LIA), a PC, and some simple electronic circuits. A temperature-measurement and control unit is built utilizing the analog–digital input and digital–analog output of the LIA. Using a proportional and integral algorithm, a control accuracy better than 50 mK is achieved. The overall sensitivity of the setup is better than 10−7 emu and a reproducibility better than 0.1% is achieved in the system. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148349
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic Alfvén wave instability in a dusty plasma (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 3510-3512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: On account of the presence of a dust beam parallel to the direction of the uniform magnetic field, the dust-kinetic Alfvén wave becomes unstable and grows in amplitude when the drift velocity of dust particles exceeds the parallel phase velocity of the wave. The instability growth rate depends on the temperature and density of the plasma ions/electrons, the Alfvén speed, and the dust flow velocity along the magnetic field lines. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1376421
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modulational instability of electrostatic ion-cyclotron waves by dust modes in a magnetoactive dusty plasma (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 92-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A high-amplitude electrostatic ion-cyclotron wave is shown to be unstable against modulational instability by the electrostatic dust modes in a magnetized, homogeneous, and collisional dusty plasma. The presence of the dust component has strong effects on the nonlinear coupling via the dust modes. The electron–neutral and ion–neutral collisions are seen to have significant effects on the damping and consequent overall growth of the modulational instability of the ion-cyclotron wave in the dusty plasma. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1321318
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Higher-dimensional Vaidya metric with an electromagnetic field (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 31 (1990), S. 2208-2210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Mathematik , Physik
    Notizen: An exterior solution is obtained for a charged radiating sphere in higher dimensions. The solution reduces to an earlier one obtained by Krori and Barua [J. Phys. A 7, 2125 (1974)] when the space-time dimension is four, and to one obtained by Iyer and Vishveshwara [J. Phys. 32, 749 (1989)] when the electromagnetic field is switched off.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.528626
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Viscous fluid spheres in general relativity (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 30 (1989), S. 867-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Mathematik , Physik
    Notizen: The spherically symmetric distribution of a dissipative fluid with nonvanishing bulk as well as shear viscosity is discussed. The cosmological constant is included in the field equations for more generality. The junction conditions are applied at the boundary of the sphere to match with the exterior Schwarzschild metric to yield the condition T11=0. In the presence of the bulk viscosity alone spatial homogeneity demands the vanishing of shear as well as the conformal flatness of the space-time. On the other hand, nonzero shear viscosity along with the uniform density assumption result in a unique temporal behavior of the matter density increasing always in the course of time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.528354
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