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  • 1
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The cerebral cortex is an area rich in taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid), but only limited information exists regarding its cellular distribution. We therefore examined taurine-like immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex of the rat, cat and macaque monkey using antiserum directed against glutaraldehyde-conjugated taurine. Immunostaining was assessed at the light and electron microscopic level, and patterns obtained in light microscopic studies were compared to those produced with antiserum to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homocysteic acid (HCA). In all three species, strong taurine-like immunoreactive perivascular endothelial cells, pericytes and oligodendrocytes were found. These cells were located throughout the neuropil, which itself showed a low level of immunoreactivity. In rats and cats, a small number of weakly taurine-enriched neurons were observed, particularly in superficial layers. In all cortical areas of the macaque, however, glial staining was matched by strong, selective staining of subpopulations of cortical neurons which were distributed in a bilaminar pattern involving layers II/III and VI. In addition, in primary visual cortex, area 17, immunopositive neurons were also present in sublayer IVCβ, while in the hippocampus strongly taurine-positive neurons were most conspicuous in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. In all regions, strongly taurine-positive neurons constituted only a subpopulation of the neurons occupying a given layer. Examination of adjacent sections for GABA immunoreactivity showed that the most strongly taurine-positive neurons in layers II/III were immunoreactive for GABA. The cells located in layers IVCβ and VI, and the granule cells of the dentate gyrus, however, were GABA-negative. The morphological features of these latter groups suggested that the antiserum to taurine identifies subsets of spiny stellate, small pyramidal and dentate granule cells. None of these neurons showed immunoreactivity with antiserum to HCA in the primate; HCA-positive glia were found along the pial and white matter boundaries of the cortex, and showed no overlap with strongly taurine-positive glial elements. Although a transmitter role for taurine may be unlikely, particularly in view of its enrichment in subpopulations of both inhibitory and excitatory cells, the capacity of taurine to influence membrane-associated functions in excitable tissues, and its selective distribution demonstrated here, provides the potential for a contribution to communication between cortical cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 3 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We tested the ability of a subject with cerebral achromatopsia to discriminate between colours and to detect chromatic borders. He was unable to identify colours or to arrange them in an orderly series or choose the odd colour out of an array or even to pick out a colour embedded in an array of greys. Nevertheless, he could select the odd colour when the colours were contiguous, even when they were isoluminant, and could discriminate an ordered from a disordered chromatic series as long as the colours in each row abutted one other. His verbal replies showed that he did so by detecting an edge between two stimuli that were, to him, perceptually identical. Introducing a narrow isoluminant grey stripe between adjacent colours abolished or greatly impaired this ability. As long as isoluminant colours were contiguous the patient could identify the orientation of the chromatic borders. Photopic spectral sensitivity showed evidence both for activity of three cone channels and for chromatic opponent processing, indicating that postreceptoral chromatic processing is occurring despite the absence of any conscious awareness of colour. The results indicate that both parvocellular colour opponent and magnocellular broad-band channels are active and that the cortical brain damage has selectively disrupted the appreciation of colour but not the ability to detect even isoluminant chromatic borders, which would be invisible to a retinal achromat. The subject's performance on non-colour tasks involving the discrimination of shape, texture, greyness and position was excellent. His disorder is therefore not like that of macaque monkeys in which cortical area V4 has been removed, and which are much more severely impaired at discriminating shape than colour.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In human cerebral achromatopsia, extrastriate cortical damage produces a severe or complete loss of colour vision, with relative sparing of non-chromatic vision. The critical lesion appears to be in a medial occipito-temporal area, occupying the lingual and caudal fusiform gyri; positron emission tomography has shown that this cortical region is one of several activated in normal human observers during colour vision tasks. Attempts to find an analogous ‘colour centre’ in the cortex of monkeys have not been successful. In particular, ablation of cortical area V4, sometimes thought on physiological grounds to be more involved in wavelength and colour coding than any other visual cortical area, produces only mild impairments in colour discrimination. In the present study we tested the colour vision of monkeys after cortical ablations that mainly or entirely spared area V4. One group of monkeys (group AT) received ablations in the temporal lobe anterior to area V4, and a second group (group MOT) received ablations in a medial occipito-temporal area roughly corresponding in cranial location to the lesion that produces human cerebral achromatopsia. The animals in group MOT showed no impairment of their colour vision. Group AT, in contrast, had a severe impairment in chromatic vision, with a relative sparing of non-chromatic vision. Their behaviour was indistinguishable from that of a human patient with total cerebral achromatopsia who had been tested on the same tasks. These results show that area V4 in macaque monkeys is not analogous, and probably not homologous, to the human colour centre. Instead, they suggest that the area of the monkey's brain corresponding to the colour area in the human brain is in the temporal cortex, anterior to area V4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 294 (1981), S. 761-763 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Two adolescent male macaque monkeys were used. One had taken part in behavioural tests of memory and had received surgical section of the fornix 6 months before the present study. The other had a high antibody titre to Herpes simiae and could therefore not be used in long-term experiments. There ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 278 (1979), S. 103-104 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] A NOTABLE feature of this set of books on the central nervous system and behaviour is that each is written by one author, an unusual and welcome event now that so many books consist of collections of previously published papers, accounts of conference proceedings, or chapters by writers whose only ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Nature 383, 823–826 (1996) We regret that we did not refer in this Letter to two publications,. These authors showed that scanning SIMS (rather than SIAMS) can be used in a similar way to image tracers, including 14C, in ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 193 (1962), S. 302-302 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The visual systems of man and rhesus monkey look very similar anatomically, and it has therefore been thought that removal of parts of the striate cortex in the monkey caused field defects akin to those in man. This assumption has never been tested adequately because of the absence of a method of ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 192 (1961), S. 1319-1319 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Misreaching is easily demonstrated during the first few days after operation. It declines, and almost invariably disappears within ten days. Afterwards, operated animals are as adept as normal animals at detecting and picking up small objects. It has never been shown whether practice is necessary ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Neuropsychologia 32 (1994), S. 449-464 
    ISSN: 0028-3932
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Psychologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Neuropsychologia 13 (1975), S. 257-261 
    ISSN: 0028-3932
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Psychologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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