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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacteriological studies on the sulfur cycle in the anaerobic part of the hypolimnion and in the surface sediments of rotsee in Switzerland scientific report of the advanced course of microbial ecology, sponsored by FEMS and the Swiss society for Microbiology, held at Kastanienbaum, Switzerland, 12 September–9 October 1982 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 21 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The microbial ecology of the sulfur cycle in the anaerobic part of Rotsee (Switzerland) was studied. Almost all the sulfate reduction took place at the sediment surface at a rate of 2 mmol SO2−4 reduced m−2 day−1. Approx. 104 sulfate reducers per ml were present in the surface sediments. The sulfide produced was phototrophically consumed mainly by Thiopedia rosea, Lamprocystis roseopersicina and ‘Pelochromatium roseum’ consortia. Thiopedia rosea migrated diurnally about one meter. Bacterial photosynthesis was limited by light and sulfide rather than by temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb00322.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic treatment of fish meal process waste-water in a UASB reactor at high pH (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 36 (1992), S. 800-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The influence of high pH on anaerobic degradation of fish process waste-water with a high total ammonia concentration was investigated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. More than 99% of volatile fatty acids and trimethylamine in the process waste-water were degraded up to pH 7.9. Above pH 7.9 only the conversion of acetate was slightly decreased. At pH 8.3 serious disintegration of the granules occurred leading to process failure. Increasing the pH changed the physical characteristics of the granules leading to decreased density, size, and volatile solids content. After 4 months of acclimatization to high pH in the reactor, the specific methanogenic activity of the granular biomass was the same from pH 7.1 to 8.5. At pH 8.3 and 8.5, acclimatization had improved the specific activity by 25 and 50%, respectively. However, the acclimatized biomass generally showed a decreased activity (60%) at all pH values tested below the acclimatization pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172198
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of lipids on thermophilic anaerobic digestion and reduction of lipid inhibition upon addition of bentonite (1990)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 33 (1990), S. 469-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The effect of bentonite-bound oil on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure was investigated. In digestor experiments, addition of oil was found to be inhibitory during start-up and the inhibitory effect was less pronounced when the oil was added in the form of bentonite-bound oil compared to when the oil was added alone. After adaption of the digestors, very rapid degradation of oil was observed and more than 80% of the oil was degraded within a few hours after daily feeding. In batch experiments, glyceride trioleate was found to be inhibitory to thermophilic anaerobic digestion when the concentrations were higher than 2.0 g/l. However, addition of bentonite (a clay mineral) at concentrations of 0.15% and 0.45% was found to partly overcome this inhibition. Addition of calcium chloride in concentration of 3 mM (0.033% w/v) showed a similar positive effect on the utilization of oil, but the effect was lower than with bentonite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176668
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetate and hydrogen metabolism in intact and disintegrated granules from an acetate-fed, 55° C, UASB reactor (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 35 (1991), S. 681-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary To investigate mass-transfer resistance in granules, the effect of disintegration on the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of acetate-grown anaerobic, thermophilic (55°C) granules was measured. Four different methods of disintegration were used; vortex mixing, ultra-sound, blending and repeated syrine aspiration. When H2/CO2 was used as the substrate, disintegrated granules showed a higher SMA than intact granules. However, with acetate as substrate, no effect was observed when granules disintegrated using a vortex mixer or ultra-sound, whereas both the blender- and syringe-treated granules had lower SMAs compared to intact granules. An “effectiveness factor”, ν, the ratio of the SMA of disintegrated granules to the SMA of intact granules, was presented and found useful for describing the effectiveness of disintegration to relieve mass-transfer limitation on the granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169637
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of free long-chain fatty acids on thermophilic anaerobic digestion (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 37 (1992), S. 808-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Low concentrations of the long-chain fatty acids oleate and stearate inhibited all steps of the anaerobic thermophilic biogas process during digestion of cattle manure. The lag phase increased when the concentrations of oleate and stearate were 0.2 g/l and 0.5 g/l, respectively, and no growth was found at concentrations of 0.5 g/l for oleate and 1.0 g/l for stearate. The toxic effect of these acids was permanent as growth did not occur when inhibited cultures were diluted to a non-inhibitory concentration. No adaptation to the fatty acids toxicity was observed by pre-exposing the cultures to non-inhibitory concentrations and the inhibitory response was the same as for cultures not pre-exposed to the fatty acids. Oleate was less inhibitory when added as a neutral oil in the form of the glycerol ester. This indicates that it is the free fatty acid that influences the bacterial activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174850
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of livestock waste: the effect of ammonia (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1993), S. 560-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Ammonia concentrations of 4 g N/l or more inhibited thermophilic digestion of cattle manure. A stable digestion of cattle manure could be maintained with ammonia concentrations up to 6 g N/l after 6 months of operation. However, the methane yield was reduced and the concentration of volatile fatty acids increased from 1 to 3 g/l as acetate, compared to controls with an ammonia concentration of 2.5 g N/l. The temporary strong inhibition following an one-step increase in ammonia concentration was reduced by applying a gradual increase. The specific methanogenic activity of ammonia-inhibited reactors (6 g N/l) with acetate or hydrogen as substrate was reduced by 73 and 52%, respectively. Tests of ammonia toxicity on the acetate- and hydrogen-utilizing populations showed a higher sensitivity of the aceticlastic compared to the hydrogenotrophic methanogens; the specific growth rate for the aceticlastic methanogens was halved at ammonia concentrations of 3.5 g N/l, compared to 7 g N/l for the hydrogenotrophic methanogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00242955
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of tetrachloroethene in an upflow anaerobic sludgeblanket reactor (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 47 (1997), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract   Reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene was studied in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Operating the reactor in batch mode the dynamic transformation of tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene and dichloroethene (DCE) was monitored. Tetrachloroethene was reductively dechlorinated to trichloroethene, which again was dechlorinated at the same rate as DCE was produced. DCE showed a lag period of 40 h before transformation was observed. During normal reactor operation trans-1,2-DCE was the major DCE isomer, followed by cis-1,2-DCE. Small amounts of 1,1-DCE but no vinyl chloride were detected. When the influent tetrachloroethene concentration was increased from 4.6 μM to 27 μM, the transformation rate increased, indicating that the system was not saturated with tetrachloroethene. The main organic component in the effluent was acetate, indicating that the aceticlastic methane-producing bacteria were inhibited by the chlorinated ethenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050894
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixotrophic growth of two thermophilic Methanosarcina strains, Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1 and Methanosarcina sp. SO-2P, on methanol and hydrogen/carbon dioxide (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 48 (1997), S. 385-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Two thermophilic strains, Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1 and Methanosarcina sp. SO-2P, were capable of mixotrophic growth on methanol and H2/CO2. Activated carbon was, however, found to be necessary to support good growth. Both strains used hydrogen and methanol simultaneously. When methanol was depleted, hydrogen utilization continued and methane was further produced with concurrent cell growth. UV epifluorescence microscopy revealed that aggregates of both strains exhibited a bright red fluorescence besides the usual blue-green fluorescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051067
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile fatty acids as indicators of process imbalance in anaerobic digestors (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 559-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  In continuously stirred tank reactor experiments, with manure as substrate at thermophilic temperatures, the use of volatile fatty acids (VFA) as process indicators was investigated. Changes in VFA level were shown to be a good parameter for indicating process instability. The VFA were evaluated according to their relative changes caused by changes in hydraulic loading, organic loading or temperature. Butyrate and isobutyrate together were found to be particularly good indicators. Butyrate and isobutyrate concentrations increased significantly 1 or 2 days after the imposed perturbation, which makes these acids suitable for process monitoring and important for process control of the anaerobic biological system. In addition it was shown in a batch experiment that VFA at concentrations up to 50 mM did not reduce the overall methane production rate. This showed that VFA accumulation in anaerobic reactors was the result of process imbalance, not the cause of inhibition, thus justifying the use of VFA as process indicators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050451
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular polymers in granular sludge from different upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 42 (1994), S. 457-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Thermal extraction was used to quantify extracellular polymers (ECP) in granules from anaerobic upflow reactors. The optimal time for extraction was determined as the time needed before the intracellular material gives a significant contribution to the extracted extracellular material due to cell lysis. ECP contents of 41 to 92 mg · g−1 volatile suspended solids of granules were found depending on the type of granular sludge examined. The content of polysaccharides, protein and lipids in the extracted ECP was quantified. Furthermore, the different methyl esters of the lipids were determined and quantified. Lower amounts of polysaccharides and proteins were found in the extracellular material from granules grown on methanogenic and acetogenic substrates compared to granules grown on more complex substrates. In contrast, the lipid content was lower on complex substrates. Changing the feed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor from a sugar-containing waste-water to a synthetic waste-water containing acetate, propionate and butyrate resulted in a decrease in both the protein and polysaccharide content and an increase in the lipid content of the extracellular material. Furthermore, the amount of protein and polysaccharides in the ECP found under mesophilic conditions was significantly higher than under thermophilic conditions, while the lipid content was lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902757
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