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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal IgE levels and three different blood sampling techniques (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Comparison was made of IgE and IgA levels in aspirated and gravity-collected cord blood (CB) from the umbilical vein and in capillary blood samples collected on the 4-5th day of life among 21 infants with atopic heredity. The IgA levels, but not the IgE levels, were significantly (p〈 0.001) lower at days 4-5 of life than at delivery. Further, there were significantly (p〈0.05) more infants with decreasing IgA levels (20/21; 95%) than IgE levels (9/15; 60% of those with detectable IgE, i.e., ≥ 0.125 kU/1). These observations, together with the highly significant correlation observed between IgE in aspirated CB samples and at 4–5 days of age, suggest active IgE synthesis during the prenatal and postnatal periods. Contamination of CB with maternal blood, defined as an increased CBIgA level (≥ 14.1 μg/ml), was found in 3 (14%) CB samples, all of which were gravity-collected. Of 4 CB samples (gravity-collected) with elevated IgE (i.e., ≥ 0.9kU/l), 2 had suspected maternal contamination. Therefore, aspiration of CB or capillary collection at 4-5 days of age should be preferred for allergy prediction. If gravity collection is used, contamination should be investigated by determining IgA in all CB samples with IgE concentrations exceeding the cut-off point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00676.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal abstention from cow milk and egg in allergy risk pregnancies (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To study the possibility of intrauterine sensitization, 212 women were enrolled on a voluntary basis into a prospective, randomized study, comparing the effects of an elimination diet and normal food during late pregnancy. The diet group took no cow milk and no egg from week 28 to delivery, and extra calcium and casein hydrolysate (Nutramigen ®) supplement was given to fill the nutritional needs of mother and child. The control group took normal food, including approximately 1/2 liter of milk/day and 3–5 eggs/week. All families had a history of allergy in mother, father, or sibling. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy was significantly lower in the diet group. Birth weights showed no significant difference between the two main groups, but smokers in the elimination diet group had significantly smaller babies. IgE antibodies to cow milk and egg were significantly higher in atopic than in non-atopic women before the trial. The diet caused a significant fall in IgG-antibodies to cow milk and egg in both atopic and non-atopic subjects. Cord blood IgE determination revealed no significant difference between the groups. No IgE antibodies to cow milk or egg were detected in any of the cord sera. The participating babies are being followed up until 18 months of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02189.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High prevalence of IgE antibodies among blood donors in Sweden and Norway (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Reactions after a blood transfusion could be allergic because of passive transfer of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies from allergic donors.Aims of the study:  To compare spectrum and prevalence of IgE antibodies in blood donors from Sweden and Norway.Methods:  Using the ImmunoCAP method, serum samples from 1002 blood donors from Sweden and 500 from Norway were analysed for IgE antibodies to common inhalant and food allergens and allergens common in a hospital environment, such as penicilloyl G and latex.Results:  As many as 23.6–27.3% of the donors had IgE antibodies to at least one of the 14 allergens tested. Of these 6.8–16.7% had extremely high concentrations, i.e. 〉35 kUA/l corresponding to 100 times the cut-off for a positive allergy test. Most donors were sensitized to pollens, dander and mite but several had very high levels of IgE antibodies to penicilloyl G, latex and peanut. The pattern of sensitizing allergens differed between Sweden and Norway.Conclusions:  High serum levels of IgE antibodies to various allergens are common among blood donors and the degree of sensitization and spectrum of involved allergen varies between geographical regions. Present routines to identify IgE sensitized, potential risk, donors are not satisfactory; the sensitivity of selection procedures is about 25%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00896.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeation of polysucrose 15 000 across the human nasal mucosa in vivo (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Studies of the nasal permeation of small molecules (〈 1000 Da) have yielded important information about the integrity of the human airway mucosa in health and disease. In this study, we used a much larger tracer molecule, polysucrose (PS) 15000 (approx. 14700 Da), to predict the mucosal permeation of inhalational allergens. PS 15000 (50 mg/ml; 15 ml), with or without a detergent type of permeation enhancer (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate 10 mg/ml), was maintained for 15 min in one nasal cavity of 12 healthy nonatopic subjects by employment of a nasal-pool device. Permeation as determined by the 24-h urine recovery of PS (micro-ELISA analysis assay) was expressed as percentage of nasal instillate. Mean baseline permeation was 0.044% (range 0.009–0.250%). In the presence of the detergent, permeation increased to 0.600% (range 0.007–2.260%) (P〈0.01). After oral intake of 750 mg of PS 15 000 (50 μg/ml; 15 ml), the 24-h urinary recovery was 0.013% (range 0.004–0.023%). Our study thus demonstrates a measurable baseline permeation of PS 15 000, an elevated permeation rate in the presence of an epithelium-damaging detergent molecule, and a negligible permeation by the oral route. These properties support the utility of PS 15 000 as a nasal airway permeation tracer. Its size further suggests that its permeation may reflect mucosal perviousness to many allergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02528.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of atopic disease in infancy by determination of immunological parameters: IgE, IgE- and IgG-antibodies to food allergens, skin prick tests and T-lymphocyte subsets (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 2 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The possibility of predicting the development of atopic diseases up to 18 months of age, by using IgE, IgE- and IgG-antibodies (Ab) to food allergens, skin prick tests (SPT) and T-lymphocyte subsets, was prospectively studied in 163 infants with atopic heredity. IgE determinations in cord blood showed a positive allergy-predictive value of only 21%, using an optimal cut-off limit (? 0.9 kU/l). The corresponding figure for a weakly positive RAST (? 0.15 〈 0.35 PRU/ml) to ovomucoid (OVO) or β-lactoglobulin (BLG) at 6 months of age was 25% and for a positive RAST ? 0.35 PRU/ml 100%. The predictive value of positive SPT to ovalbumin (OA), OVO, BLG and whole cow's milk varied between 67 and 100% and for IgG-Ab levels to the same food allergens the predictability did not exceed 30%. Total numbers of T cells (CD2, CD3) were higher (p 〈 0.05) at delivery among atopic infants, but neither in cord blood nor in blood samples, taken at 2 and 6 months of age, could absolute T-cell subset numbers or the CD4/CD8 ratios predict atopic diseases in more than 45% of the cases. A low sensitivity was observed in most of the parameters studied. Thus, none of the tests used in the present study seems suitable for predicting the development of atopic diseases during early infancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1991.tb00173.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of maternal diet during late pregnancy and lactation on the development of atopic diseases in infants up to 18 months of age—in-vivo results (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 19 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: One hundred and sixty-two women with respiratory allergy to animal danders and/or pollens were randomly allocated to a diet consisting of either a very low ingestion of hens' egg and cows' milk or a daily ingestion of one hens' egg and about 11 of cows' milk during the last 3 months of pregnancy. One hundred and sixty-three infants were followed prospectively up to 18 months of age when the cumulated incidence of atopic disease in each child was evaluated blindly. No significant differences in the distribution of atopic disease were found among the infants in relation to the maternal diet during late pregnancy. The numbers of skin-prick tests positive to ovalbumin, ovomucoid, β-lactoglobulin and cows' milk were likewise not influenced by differences in the maternal diet during late pregnancy. Genetic factors rather than maternal diet during the perinatal period probably have a greater effect on the incidence of atopic diseases during early infancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02416.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of atopic disease during childhood and its prediction by Phadiatop Paediatric (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Evaluating in vivo and/or in vitro tests for ‘early’ prediction of childhood allergy is of interest in paediatric allergology.Objective To determine whether the measurement of Phadiatop Paediatric (PP) during early childhood could be used to predict the development of atopic disease during the first 5 years of life among infants with a family history of atopic disease.Methods Phadiatop Paediatric was evaluated in 134 infants. The analysis was performed at 6 months, at 18 months and at 5 years of age and the numbers of available serum samples were 61, 85 and 134, respectively. The potential capacity of the test to predict the development of atopic disease was studied by relating the result of the test, a positive or a negative score, to the cumulated incidence of atopic diseases from birth to 18 months of age and from birth to 5 years of age.Results Three of four children with a positive PP at 6 months of age developed clinical signs/symptoms of atopic disease before 18 months and all four before 5 years of age. The predictive value of a positive test at 18 months for symptoms before 5 years of age was 80% (12/15). If the diagnostic criterion, instead of clinical signs/symptoms of atopic disease, was at least one positive skin-prick test to major food or inhalant allergens, the predictive value of a positive PP-test at 18 months decreased to 53% (8/ 15).Conclusion Although the presence of circulating IgE antibodies, as detected by Phadiatop Paediatric, can predict the development of atopic diseases during childhood, the usefulness of the test is limited by its low sensitivity (22-47%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00646.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of maternal diet during late pregnancy and lactation on the development of IgE and egg- and milk-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in infants (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 21 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The IgE levels and food-allergen-specific IgE- and IgG-antibodies (Ab) to oval bumin (OA), ovomucoid (OVO) and β-Mactoglobulin (BLG) were determined up to 18 months of age in 163 infants born to women who were atopic. A high (HIGH group) or a low (REDUCED group) intake of hen's egg and cow's milk by the mother during the third trimester gave no significant differences in the concentrations of IgE or in IgE-Ab (OVO, BLG) and IgG-Ab (OA, OVO, BLG). Similarly, a prolongation of the abstention diet to the early lactation period did not influence the immune response. The IgG-Ab levels to all three food allergens decreased significantly (P 〈 0.001) in both study groups between birth and 2 months of age, but then increased significantly (P 〈 0.001) between 6 and 18 months of age. The presence in serum of IgE-Ab to OVO (≥ 0.15 PRU/ml) was associated with significantly higher IgG-Ab levels to OVO at 6 months (P 〈 0.001) and at 18 months (P 〈 0.05). Infants with positive skin-prick tests (SPT) to OA and OVO showed higher IgG-Ab levels at 6 and 18 months of age than did infants with negative SPT reactions to the two egg allergens. This indicates a relation between the IgE- and IgG-Ab response and it also suggests that some individuals are ‘high responders’ to both types of immunoglobulin isotypes while others are ‘low responders’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb00830.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum levels of IgG subclasses in relation to IgE and atopic disease in early infancy (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 20 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The levels of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 were analysed by FLISA in cord serum and in serum samples collected at 6 and 18 months of age from infants whose mothers were atopic. None of the four IgG subclasses was significantly influenced on any sampling occasion by infant atopy, gender, month of birth, maternal IgE or maternal diet during pregnancy and early lactation. However, at 18 months of age, significantly higher levels of IgG1 (P 〈 0·05) and of IgG4 (P 〈 0·01) were found in infants with an elevated IgE (〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA407:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 8·0 kU/1) than in those with a lower level. A weak positive correlation (rs= 0·26; P= 0·05) between IgE and IgG4 was also observed. Despite the fact that the serum levels of IgG4 at 18 months were significantly higher (P 〈 0·01) among infants with positive IgE-RAST (〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA407:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 0·15 PRU/ml) to ovomucoid or β-lactoglobulin, our data suggest that the the concentration of IgG4 relates more to the level of IgE than to the clinical symptoms of atopy. Determination of IgG subclasses seems to be of limited value for predicting atopy during early infancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02802.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune response of the atopic woman and foetus: effects of high- and low-dose food allergen intake during late pregnancy (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 18 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence of the mother's consumption of cows’ milk and hens’ egg on the immune response (IgE, IgG) in the mother and foetus was studied in 165 pregnant women with atopical respiratory disease with an allergy to pollen and/or animal dander. The women were randomly allocated to four diets ranging from a diet free from hens’ egg and cows’ milk to a diet containing intake of one egg and one litre of milk daily during the third trimester. No significant differences in cord blood IgE levels were noted in spite of differences in maternal diet, and no specific IgE antibodies to ovalbumin, ovomucoid and betalactoglobulin were found in the cord blood. The mother's IgG antibody concentrations to ovalbumin, ovomucoid and betalactoglobulin were influenced by her diet, but cord blood IgG antibody levels to the selected food allergens were unaffected. The data presented on the IgE and IgG antibody levels to ovalbumin, ovomucoid and betalactoglobulin in cord blood suggest that changes in maternal diet during the last trimester of pregnancy in order to prevent atopic sensitization in utero are less likely to affect the foetus than previously supposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02852.x
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