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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lethal expression of the GluR2flip/GluR4flip AMPA receptor in HEK293 cells (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) -type glutamate receptors play a critical role in excitotoxicity associated with cerebral hypoxia, ischaemia and other acute brain insults. AMPA receptors are composed of GluR1–GluR4 subunits in homomeric and heteromeric assemblies, forming nonselective cation channels. In addition, each subunit has alternative splice variants, flip and flop forms. Heterologous expression studies showed that the AMPA receptor channels exhibit diverse properties depending on subunit/variant composition. For example, the absence of the GluR2 subunit makes AMPA receptor assemblies Ca2+-permeable. Excitotoxicity induced by activating AMPA receptor channels has been linked to excessive Ca2+ influx through the GluR2-lacking channels. Here we demonstrate that coexpression of the AMPA receptor GluR2flip and GluR4flip subunits exerts a lethal effect on HEK293 cells, whereas no lethal activity is observed in other homomeric or heteromeric combinations of AMPA receptor subunits. Patch clamp recordings and Ca2+ imaging analyses have revealed that this GluR2flip/GluR4flip receptor exhibits a low Ca2+ permeability. This subunit combination, however, showed prolonged Na+ influx following AMPA stimulation, even in the absence of cyclothiazide, which attenuates AMPA receptor desensitization. Furthermore, the GluR2flip/GluR4flip-mediated lethality was potentiated by the interruption of cellular Na+ extrusion mechanisms using ouabain or benzamil. These observations suggest that the GluR2flip/GluR4flip receptor-mediated excitotoxicity is attributed to Na+ overload, but not Ca2+ influx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00270.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free Volume of cis-1,4 polyisoprene/polybutadiene blends (2000)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 45 (2000), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The number and radius of molecular order free space present in polybutadiene (PBD)/polyisoprene (PIP) blend were observed by positron life-time measurement, and apparent free volume fraction was estimated. The changes in the number and radius of the free space were not represented to be a linear function of blend composition. The apparent free volume fraction increased by mixing PBD with PIP and was approximated by a concave curve depicted against blend composition, even though the excess volume of mixing was proved to be negative. The change in the apparent free volume fraction was related to the variation of thermal expansion coefficient on blend composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006836
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization in blends of isotactic polypropylene with polyethylene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polyethylene block copolymer (1999)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 43 (1999), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this study, isothermal crystallization in blends of isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) with polyethylene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polyethylene block copolymer (CEBC) was investigated using a polarized photometer, polarized microscope and differential scanning calorimeter. Half time of crystallizaiton (τ1/2) is increasing with increasing CEBC content in i-PP/CEBC blends. Avrami index and rate constant of crystal growth decrease with increasing CEBC content in i-PP/CEBC blends. On the contrary, heat of fusion of i-PP crystal in the blends is almost constant against the variation of CEBC content in i-PP/CEBC blends. Hence, it is pointed out that blending i-PP with CEBC caused only retardation of rate of crystalline growth and change in mechanism of crystalline growth from three dimensional to two dimensional growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050564
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial tension of poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)/polyamide blends (1998)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 41 (1998), S. 487-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Interfacial tensions (γ) between poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) and polyamide6-co-12 (PA6-12) were measured by pendant drop method. In the measurements for PA6-12 and EVOH of high ethylene contents, γ's were decreasing with elevating temperature. On the other hand, in the measurements for PA6-12 and EVOH of low ethylene contents, γ's were increasing with elevating temperature. On the basis of these results, interaction parameters, χ, were estimated. Resulting temperature dependence of χ parameters predicted a LCST phase behavior for the blends of PA6-12 and EVOH of low ethylene contents corresponding to our previous study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050391
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective coupling with K + currents of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in NG108-15 cells (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 335 (1988), S. 355-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] NG108-15 cells8 were transfected with cDNA or genomic DNA encoding each of the four mAChR subtypes, using an expression vector carrying the SV40 early gene promoter and the neomycin-resistance marker gene; mAChR III and mAChR IV are defined as in ref. 5 and correspond to HM4 and HM3 in ref. 6, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/335355a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular distinction between muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 327 (1987), S. 623-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The cloned cDNA encoding mAChR II (ref. 10), including the poly(dA) tract, was linked with the bacteriophage SP6 promoter11 and transcribed in vitro with SP6 polymerase. The mAChR Il-specific mRNA thus obtained was injected into Xenopus oocytes, which were then examined for functional properties in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/327623a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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