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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of two metabolites of diquat in urine and serum of poisoned patients after ingestion of a combined herbicide of paraquat and diquat (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 70 (1996), S. 504-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words  Toxicology ; Metabolism ; Diquat ; Diquat-monopyridone ; Diquat-dipyridone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This report describes the identification of diquat-dipyridone and diquat-monopyridone as metabolites of diquat, and time course changes of these metabolites plus diquat and paraquat in urine and serum of three poisoned patients who ingested the combination herbicide Preeglox L (containing 5% paraquat dichloride and 7% diquat dibromide) in a suicide attempt. Diquat-dipyridone was isolated from urine and identified by electron impact mass spectrometry, thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Diquat-monopyridone, diquat-dipyridone, diquat and paraquat in serum and urine were assayed by HPLC with fluorescence and UV detection. Paraquat-monopyridone as a metabolite of paraquat was not detected in any samples. These results indicate that diquat is metabolized to diquat-monopyridone and diquat-dipyridone and also that the metabolism of diquat is easier than that of paraquat in humans. The concentrations of each metabolite were always lower than that of diquat in each specimen. However, the ratios of the concentration of each metabolite against the concentration of diquat increased with the decrease of diquat concentration. The metabolism of diquat seems to lower slightly the diquat concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050305
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Levels of paraquat in fatal intoxications (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 112 (1999), S. 198-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Toxicology ; Paraquat ; Plasma or serum ; concentration ; Survival times
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract We describe here fatal levels of paraquat in plasma of victims due to the ingestion of the herbicide, paraquat, and the relationship between those levels and survival times after ingestion. We determined paraquat levels in plasma of 106 paraquat poisoning cases in Korea between June 1992 and December 1996 using a visible spectrophotometric method based on the alkali-dithionite reaction. Among 55 cases with known survival times, plasma paraquat levels of victims who died within one day of ingestion ranged from 2.3 to 636.6 μg/ml (average 127.6 μg/ml) while those of the victims who died between 1∼4 days ranged from 0.9 to 25.1 μg/ml (average 7.0 μg/ml). Since preparations containing 24.5% paraquat dichloride are still used in Korea, our data for Korean victims who died within one day were 8.5 times higher than those in Baselt and Cravey’s report for the same survival times. Our data also suggest that victims in whom a plasma paraquat concentration of more than 30 μg/ml was detected are likely to have died within 24 h after ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050233
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined toxicity of methanol and formic acid: two cases of methanol poisoning (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 111 (1998), S. 334-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Methanol ; Poisoning ; Formic acid ; Head-space gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Two fatalities caused by methanol ingestion are presented. Quantitative analysis of methanol and formic acid using head-space gas chromatography showed concentrations of methanol and formic acid in the femoral blood of each subject of 2.19 mg/ml and 0.41 mg/ml, and 1.96 mg/ml and 0.38 mg/ml, respectively. We concluded that death was due to methanol ingestion and the mechanism causing death involved the combined effects of the anesthetic action of methanol itself and metabolic acidosis by formic acid. Forensic toxicokinetic analysis indicated that both victims had ingested about 100 g of methanol or more.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050183
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lewis genotyping by the PCR-RFLP method in a Japanese population and its evaluation in forensic analysis (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 232-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Lewis genotyping ; PCR-RFLP ; Japanese ; population ; Forensic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Lewis phenotyping of red blood cells has many problems such as the influence of many biological conditions, the change during the period from newborn to early childhood and mistyping by non-specific anti-Lewis antibodies. Therefore, it would be useful to determine the Lewis genotype. Recently a method of Le-genotyping by PCR-RFLP was established. We determined the frequencies of Lewis genotypes in a Japanese population and discuss the applicability to paternity tests and other forensic applications. The gene frequencies of Le, le1 and le2 in the Japanese population studied were 0.7032, 0.2358 and 0.0610 respectively. Out of 12 paternity cases where paternity was excluded by other markers, 3 alleged fathers could also be excluded by Lewis genotyping. The genotype from organs of a fetus from a 3-month pregnancy was Le/Le. The determination of Lewis genotypes could play a useful role as a genetic marker in paternity tests and forensic analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050075
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forensic toxicological implication of acute fatal poisoning cases due to benfuracarb ingestion (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 112 (1999), S. 268-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Poisoning ; Benfuracarb ; Carbofuran ; Human ; Blood ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract We describe here three cases involving acute fatalities due to benfuracarb ingestion and the forensic toxicological implications. Benfuracarb, a carbamate insecticide and its main metabolite carbofuran, were detected using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS) after extraction with ethyl acetate and then quantified using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with NPD. The blood levels of benfuracarb and carbofuran were in the range of 0.30∼2.32 μg/ml and 1.45∼1.47 μg/ml, respectively. Benfuracarb was not detected in urine, but carbofuran was detected in the range of 0.53∼2.66 μg/ml.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050247
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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