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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 79 (1984), S. 577-582 
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 31 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to discover whether the use of different doses of oxytetracycline causes any alteration in the development of nervous tissue in rainbow trout embryos. Five thousands eggs of females rainbow trout were divided into five groups. One group acted as control and the other four were administered with one of four doses of oxytetracycline, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, or 0.201 μm, at the moment of fertilization. The eggs were incubated under pisciculture conditions to just before being ready to spring off. From the 10th day, 10-egg samples were taken regularly and fixed. Five were processed for histological techniques and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, cresyl fast violet and silver, the other five were homogenized for antibiotic detection. Histological alterations appeared in 37-day-old embryos, with an abnormal migration of the neuroblasts to the marginal layer of the neural cord, and alterations in the development of the lens and eye layers. Some embryos showed abnormal curvature of the spinal cord but these changes were not statistically significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 239 (1985), S. 480-485 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Semisynthetic human insulin ; Biological potency ; Insulin hypoglycaemia ; Euglycaemic clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The biological potency of semisynthetic human insulin (Actrapid HM, Novo) and purified pork insulin (Actrapid MC, Novo) was assessed in normal and diabetic subjects. The blood glucose lowering effect and the related counter-regulatory response were initially tested in six healthy subjects who received an i.v. injection of 0.15 U/kg body weight of either insulin preparation. The attained insulin levels were very similar (peak at 15 min: HM 139±7, MC 129±7 µU/ml), as well as the resulting blood glucose curves. A prolonged suppression of C-peptide values was observed after injecting both preparations. The evoked counter-regulatory response [glucagon, growth hormone (GH), cortisol and catecholamines] showed minimal differences. Prolactin secretion was almost identical after HM and MC injection. A glucose clamp study was subsequently performed in six insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients. Blood glucose levels were maintained at 80 mg/dl by the artificial pancreas during a 180 min infusion of MC or HM insulin (30 mU/kg/h). The amounts of dextrose infused during the last 60 min of the study were not significantly different (121±14 vs 137±11 mg/kg/h for MC and HM, respectively). It is clear from our results that at the dose levels used in this study, the biological potency of i.v. injected HM is very similar to that of MC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 545-553 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Type I diabetes ; Insulin resistance ; Euglycaemic clamp ; Insulin receptor binding ; Insulin antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the euglycaemic clamp technique in eight type I diabetic patients (after overnight blood glucose normalization with an artificial pancreas) and in six healthy subjects. Basal insulin concentrations were higher in diabetic patients (25±4 µU/ml) than in control subjects (17±1 µU/ml;P〈0.05). Insulin infusion of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mU/kg per min during subsequent 2-h periods resulted in similar mean steady-state insulin concentrations in both groups. The mean dextrose requirements during the last 40 min of each period were nevertheless decreased in diabetic patients (1.6±0.5, 3.5±0.8, 6.5±0.7, 10.2±0.7 mg/kg per min) as compared with control subjects (4.7±0.3, 8.2±0.9, 10.2±0.9, 12.4±0.9 mg/kg per min). At low insulin concentrations dextrose requirements were diminished in all diabetic subjects. At the highest insulin levels, individual dose-response curves from only four patients were within the normal range. Under basal conditions, the monocyte receptor number was significantly reduced in diabetic patients (17,500±2,800 sites/cell) as compared with control subjects (26,700±2,500 sites/cell;P〈0.05), whereas there were no differences regarding empty site affinities. Receptor data did not differ in patients with normal and decreased maximal dextrose requirements. Insulin resistance is apparently a common feature of type I diabetes at serum insulin concentrations of approximately 100 µU/ml. Normalization of the insulin effect by higher insulin concentrations is not possible in all patients. Insulin antibodies at concentrations observed in this study (〈0.16 mU/ml) do not contribute significantly to insulin resistance; receptor and postreceptor defects are possibly more important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Superior cervical ganglion ; hypothalamic LHRH content ; wallerian degeneration ; adrenoceptors ; medial basal hypothalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The main hypothesis of this study was that sympathetic neurons located at the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) control luteinizing hormone (LH) releasing mechanisms by acting at a hypothalamic site. To test this, medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) content and serum LH levels were measured in male rats subjected to superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) or sham-operation 14 or 38 h earlier, at the time of degeneration of nerve endings post-SCGx. Significantly augmented MBH LHRH levels and decreased circulating LH were found in SCGx rats. In animals subjected to SCGx 14 h earlier and receiving a single injection of the α1-adrenergic blocker prazosin, the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol or a mixture of both drugs 45 min before sacrifice, only the injection of prazosin prevented the decrease of plasma LH levels. Neither treatment prevented the increase in MBH LHRH content. When prazosin was given every hour starting from the 10th to the 13th h after surgery, it was effective to prevent both the increase of MBH LHRH content and the decrease of serum LH found during sympathetic nerve degeneration. Similar repetitive injections of propranolol resulted in the greatest depression of serum LH, and in the greatest increase of MBH LHRH observed. Serum LH response to LHRH injection was similar in SCGx and sham-operated rats. The data indicate that SCG neurons exert, through inhibitory α1-, and weaker, stimulatory β-adrenoceptors, a significant influence on LHRH release at a supra-hypophysial site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 82 (1995), S. 92-94 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The malic dehydrogenase (MDH) isoenzymatic pattern of Dictyocaulus viviparus, Protostrongylus rufescens, and Slovakian and Spanish isolates of D. filaria was studied. The MDH isoenzymatic pattern in both isolates of D. filaria was characterized by the presence of three phenotypes: (1) a single, slow anodic band; (2) a single, fast anodic band; and (3) a large spot matching its migration with bands 1 and 2. These three phenotypes may be explained as the existence of only one gene locus for the MDH in D. filaria. Allelic frequencies and the Hardy-Weinberg test were determined for Slovakian and Spanish isolates of D. filaria. This test indicated that the population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The MDH isoenzymatic pattern of D. viviparus displayed the same phenotypes 1 and 2 observed in D. filaria. Furthermore, the MDH isoenzymatic pattern of P. rufescens was characterized by the presence of two bands with anodic and cathodic migration. The isoenzyme with anodic migration appeared more intensively stained than did that with cathodic migration. This last isoenzyme was not observed when the samples had been stored for 1 month.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 84 (1998), S. 513-515 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Trichuris suis isolates were collected from the cecum of Sus scrofa domestica (pig) and S. s. scrofa (wild boar). Morphology and biometry studies were carried out. Morphology studies showed the existence of typical caudal papillae in males of T. suis from wild boars, but no other difference was observed in the biometric parameters (total length, esophageal length, posterior-portion body length, and spicular length) of T. suis isolated from either host. Individual extracts were subjected to malate dehydrogenase (MDH), malic enzyme (ME), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzyme analysis following starch-gel electrophoresis, and the isoenzyme patterns were compared with those obtained from other species of trichurids. MDH, ME, G6PD, LDH, and SOD isoenzyme patterns were identical for T. suis from both hosts. MDH isoenzyme patterns were characterized by the presence of one cathodic isoenzyme. ME, G6PD, and LDH isoenzyme patterns indicated the presence of three phenotypes, whereas the SOD isoenzyme pattern showed only one phenotype characterized by the existence of two (anodic and cathodic) bands. Different LDH and SOD isoenzyme patterns observed for T. suis, T. ovis, and T. skrjabini confirm once more that isoenzyme patterns have potential as a diagnostic tool for differentiation of different species of Trichuris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, EC.1.1.1.49), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI, EC.5.3.1.9), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC.1.1.1.37) isoenzymatic patterns of Chabertia ovina were determined by starch-gel electrophoresis. The G6PD and GPI isoenzymatic patterns were characterized by the existence of three phenotypes: (1) a single and slow anodic band, (2) a single and fast anodic band, and (3) a large spot matching its migration with bands 1 and 2. These three phenotypes may be explained as the existence of only one gene locus for the G6PD and GPI in C. ovina. Allelic frequencies and the Hardy-Weinberg test were determined. This test indicated that the population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The MDH isoenzymatic pattern of C. ovina was characterized by the presence of two bands with anodic and cathodic migration. Furthermore, comparative isoenzyme studies were carried out between Oesophagostomum venulosum and C. ovina. The different G6PD, GPI, and MDH isoenzymatic patterns observed for the two species allowed us to distinguish them and, therefore, to use isoenzymatic patterns as a diagnostic tool to discriminate these species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adult worms of Trichuris ovis and T. globulosa were collected from Ovis aries (sheep) and Capra hircus (goats). T. suis was isolated from Sus scrofa domestica (swine) and T. leporis was isolated from Lepus europaeus (rabbits) in Spain. Genomic DNA was isolated and a ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) was amplified and sequenced using polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) techniques. The ITS2 of T. ovis and T. globulosa was 407 nucleotides in length and had a GC content of about 62%. Furthermore, the ITS2 of T. suis and T. leporis was 534 and 418 nucleotides in length and had a GC content of about 64.8% and 62.4%, respectively. There was evidence of slight variation in the sequence within individuals of all species analyzed, indicating intraindividual variation in the sequence of different copies of the ribosomal DNA. Furthermore, low-level intraspecific variation was detected. Sequence analyses of ITS2 products of T. ovis and T. globulosa demonstrated no sequence difference between them. Nevertheless, differences were detected between the ITS2 sequences of T. suis, T. leporis, and T. ovis, indicating that Trichuris species can reliably be differentiated by their ITS2 sequences and PCR-linked restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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