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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expiratory versus inspiratory efforts in suffocating pigeons (1972)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 2 (1972), S. 189-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The respiration of anaesthetized pigeons, suffocated to death by tracheal occlusion, is followed by means of the intratracheal pressure tracing. A special procedure allows to distinguish expiratory from inspiratory efforts. The overall expiratory effort about equals the inspiratory one. During the agony, however, the release of expiratory energies increases whereas inspiratory activity is vanishing more and more. On the basis of the period of agony, a screening procedure is developed to search for substances which would selectively influence the release of expiratory or inspiratory energies respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01965859
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some special respiratory effects of CO2 in pigeons (1975)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 5 (1975), S. 378-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Injections of CO2-gas have been made into an abdominal air-sac of pigeons. The resulting alterations of respiratory rate and of breathing efforts are dose-dependent and easily reproducible. The receptive zones for these effects do not seem to be located in the air-way system itself; they may be in the respiratory center. Some data provide further evidence for the assumption that the ventilation of the abdominal air-sacs is mainly one-directional, from outside to gas-exchange compartments. Panting increases the ventilation of the abdominal air-sacs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205247
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peak-potentialities of inspiratory musculature as disclosed by tracheal occlusion (1973)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 3 (1973), S. 28-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interest was focussed on maximal inspiratory efforts which anesthetized rabbits are able to display when acutely made dyspnoic by prolonged tracheal occlusion. Such efforts were characterized by the mean intrapleural pressure decrease per breath and by the maximum of intrapleural pressure decrease reached during inspiration. These efforts could not be intensified by additional biochemical and/or biophysical means such as hypercapnia, hypoxia, artificial pneumothorax, thoracic compression, etc. They were most pronounced around the 25th second after onset of tracheal occlusion. They could, however, be altered pharmacodynamically. Methylphenidate was found to be of particular interest. It enhanced the mean intrapleural pressure decrease per breath and intensified the maximum of inspiratory effort while, at the same time, leaving respiratory frequency nearly unaltered. The possible medicinal usefulness of the approach pursued is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02023848
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inspiratory versus expiratory efforts in pigeons: A search for selective drug influence (1973)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 3 (1973), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Respiratory activity of anaesthetized pigeons was stimulated by occluding the trachea. Inspiratory and expiratory efforts were measured in an early and in the agonal period of prolonged tracheal occlusions. In the early period the mean change in intratracheal pressure amounted to −0.79 cm H2O and +0.73 cm H2O ‘per breath.’ These mean pressures are considered to represent an equivalent of the mean inspiratory and expiratory activity of that period. The corresponding figures in the agonal period were −1.18 and +2.48 cm H2O, respectively. A palette of 10 drugs was tested to see whether they could alter respiratory efforts. None of the drugs, including the CNS-stimulants, was able to increase the efforts in either of the two periods. Some of the drugs (ethylurethane, pentobarbitone, codeine and 370591)) led to an impairment of the efforts performed in the ‘early period’, to about the same extent in both inspiration and expiration. One drug (37059) led to an impairment of the expiratory efforts in the ‘agonal period’ and to an increase of the inspiratory efforts at the same time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968548
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pharmacokinetic slide rule for more accurate drug treatment (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pharmacokinetics ; computational aids ; mathematical models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A slide rule has been devised which is based on the general mathematical models of pharmacokinetics. It permits calculation of exact dosage regimens for individual patients from certain basic parameters. First, from the patient's renal clearance, the proportionality constant characterizing renal excretion of a certain drug (a) and its non-renal rate constant of elimination (k nr), the rate constant of total elimination (k e) can be calculated. Second, fromk e, the apparent volume of distribution (V d) and the desired final mean concentration of a drug (c∞), exact values can readily be obtained for the loading dose (D*) and the dosage schedule, which consists of the maintenance dose (D), the dosing intervals (τ) and the infusion rate for intravenous administration. In addition the slide rule provides information about the rate at which c∞ is reached ifD alone is administered at τ, and the fluctuation in the concentration around c∞ to be anticipated during τ. By use of this calculation, the slide rule facilitates the decision whether a loading dose should be given, and what dosage schedule is best suited to the therapeutic problem. It is possible, therefore, to calculate exact dosage regimens for individual patients, even for those with excretory dysfunction. The slide rule should also help physicians to comprehend the nature and significance of pharmacokinetic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560386
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cybernetics of cardiorespiratory synchrony (1981)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 179 (1981), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Cardiorespiratory synchronism ; Cybernetics, respiratory-circulatory ; Respiratory-circulatory cybernetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The paper deals with the cybernetic system which tends to synchronize the respiratory rhythm with the cardiac rhythm. With anesthetized rabbits an experimental procedure has been worked out to test to what extent the system can maintain a synchrony, once established, against a disturbance of variable intensity. The disturbance consists of selectively driving the respiratory rate to increase continuously without altering the cardiac rate, the drive being accomplished by a special lung volume reflex. The maintenance power of the cybernetic system was found to be the more effective the smaller the increment in respiratory rate, the correlation being hyperbolic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851985
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kontinuierliche arterio-venöse Kreuzzirkulation zwischen nichtnarkotisierten Ratten (1971)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 155 (1971), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Cross-circulation ; Blood exchange ; Kreuzzirkulation ; Blutaustausch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Methode zur kontinuierlichen Kreuzzirkulation zwischen nichtnarkotisierten Ratten wird beschrieben. Sie ermöglicht den wechselseitigen Austausch von bis zu 1500 ml Blut pro Kilogramm Körpergewicht in 24 Std. Die Versuchstiere vertragen den Blutaustausch 60 Std lang ohne sichtbare Beeinträchtigung. Wenn die Kreuzzirkulation alle 2 Tage für 12 Std unterbrochen wird, können die Versuche ohno weiteres bis auf 1 Woche ausgedehnt werden.
    Notes: Summary A method for continuous cross-circulation between rats is described. It enables the mutual exchange of up to 1500 ml blood per kilogram body weight per 24 hrs. It is tolerated for more than 60 hrs without obviously damaging the animals. If the exchange is stopped for 12 hrs after every 2 days the procedure is well tolerated for 1 whole week.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02045979
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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