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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 7 (1995), S. 83-93 
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Schlagwort(e): minimum feedback vertex set ; partial scan ; multiway search and integer linear program
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We develop anexact algorithm for selecting partial scan flip-flops to break all feedback cycles. We also permit the option of not breaking self-loops. The key ideas that allow us to solve this complex problemexactly for large, practical instances are—an MFVS-preserving graph transformation, a partitioning scheme used in the branch and bound procedure, and pruning techniques based on an integer linear programming formulation of the MFVS problem. We have obtained optimum solutions for all ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits and several production VLSI circuits within reasonable computation time. For example, the optimal number of scan flip-flops required to eliminate all cycles except self-loops in the circuit s38417 is 374. An optimal solution was obtained in 32 CPU seconds on a SUN Sparc 2 workstation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Human breast epithelial cells derived from various sources (fibroadenoma, reduction mammoplasty, and mastectomy tissues from premenopausal patients) have been cultured in collagen gel matrix using serum-free medium. Response to various additives has been analyzed for growth-promoting effect when added to a basal medium containing insulin, cholera toxin, and BSA. A consistent observation has been the effect of EGF and cortisol in growth stimulation of human breast epithelial cells, while separately, each additive elicited only a small response. Under this condition, employing EGF and cortisol combinations, these cells gave rise to organized colonies consisting of clusters of cells, usually spherical, without any duct-like extensions. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies, using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, have shown that cell types and features that can be identified in the original breast tissue can also be delineated in the progeny populations. The topographical feature, consisting of lumina surrounded by a single inner layer of epithelial cells and an outer layer of basal/myoepithelial cells, can be re-created in the collagen gel system starting from small clumps of cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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