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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatitis E virus infection in chimpanzees: a retrospective analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 145 (2000), S. 1909-1918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Different patterns of disease were observed among 11 chimpanzees who were inoculated intravenously with hepatitis E virus (HEV) positive fecal specimens from four different outbreaks (Nepal 1981, Uzbekistan 1981, Pakistan 1985, and Mexico 1986). Five chimpanzees had marginal or no liver enzyme elevations within 70 days of inoculation. Two of the chimpanzees had limited viremia, but did not produce detectable antibody. The four remaining chimpanzees had liver enzyme elevations, viral shedding, viremia, seroconversion to anti-HEV, and detectable HEV antigen in liver biopsy specimens. These results may reflect the range of infection patterns that develop in humans after natural exposure to the HEV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050070065
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement of methods for intratypic differentiation of polioviruses (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 46 (1974), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A modified agar gel diffusion precipitation test, using the addition of first heterologous and then homologous antigens, has been employed successfully for the serologic differentiation of wild and vaccine strains of poliovirus types 1 and 2. The results of identification of 50 type 1 and 56 type 2 strains were in complete agreement with those obtained with the conventional methods ofMcBride andWecker. The existence of qualitative antigenic differences between wild and vaccine strains of poliovirus has been demonstrated. The new method for the serologic intratypic differentiation of poliovirus types 1 and 2 is much simpler and more convenient than the procedures recommended byWecker andMcBride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240204
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatitis E virus in cultivated cells (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 127 (1992), S. 399-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hepatitis E virus (RNA and antigen) was detected in serial passages of FRhK-4 cells after they had been co-cultivated with primary kidney cells derived from cynomolgus monkeys experimentally infected with this virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309603
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of poliovirus strains of different virulence under solid overlays (1970)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 32 (1970), S. 299-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Strains of type 2 poliovirus, Neva (highly virulent) and Khab and Ovch (moderately virulent) differed by their characteristics of accumulation when grown in monolayer under agar. Production of the former under agar and in liquid medium did not depend on the dose of inoculum, production of the latter with small infecting doses was less under agar than in liquid medium. When gelatine was added to the agar, no reduction in the final yield of the Khab and Ovch strains was observed. A delay in accumulation of the Khab virus under agar began on the second day, reached maximum early on the third day after which it disappeared. It was more marked in acidified solid medium. In the alkaline medium there was no delay. The same relationship was observed under methylcellulose overlay. A reduction in the final yield of the Khab and Ovch strains under agar was not due to (1) direct interaction of the virus with the agar; (2) different adsorption of virus on cells from the liquid and agar media; (3) different sensitivity to virus of cells in contact for 3 days with the liquid or agar media. Ratio of infectivity of RNA to intact virus was higher in the Khab strain preparations under agar than in the Khab preparations from the liquid medium and the Neva preparations from the liquid or agar media. After treatment with concentrated urea, acid buffer and sonication preparations of the Khab virus under agar gave a marked increase in the virus titer. The Khab virus grown under agar was retained in small-pore filters to a greater extent than the Neva virus grown under similar conditions. The former was also sedimented more completely at 16,000g for 60 minutes. It is suggested that the Khab strain is present as agglomerates of virus particles in solid overlays, particularly in acid medium. Some tests of intratypic differentiation are likely to be associated with this property of virus. Thus, differentiation between the Khab and Neva strains by sensitivity to the neutralizing effect of immune serum included into the agar overlay was not reproducible if gelatine was added to the overlay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01250057
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibody to hepatitis A virus after overt and asymptomatic hepatitis A infection (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 2 (1986), S. 36-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Hepatitis A ; Anti-HAV prevalence ; Overt hepatitis A ; Asymptomatic hepatitis A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The titres of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) were found to fall rapidly during 3–4 years after hepatitis A and more slowly thereafter, though they never reached undetectable levels in at least 23 years. The levels of anti-HAV in convalescents after overt hepatitis A were found to be significantly much higher than in those who had anti-HAV as a result of asymptomatic infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152715
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shifts in the rates and levels of antibody to hepatitis A virus associated with hepatitis A infection in children's communities (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 3 (1987), S. 370-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Antibody to hepatitis A virus ; Follow-up study ; Hepatitis A infection ; Immunity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate the shift in the rates and levels of antibody to hepatitis A virus, 567 children in 20 isolated groups of five day-care centers were observed over a period of 8 months during which the seasonal rise in hepatitis A morbidity occurs. Increases in the proportion of seropositive ranging from 5 to 37% were demonstrated in 6 groups, and were always associated with the occurrence of either overt or sub-clinical hepatitis A infection. High rates of seropositivity were also noted in the groups in which cases of hepatitis A had been registered prior to the period of observation. In some children with low and medium antibody levels, antibody titres showed further increases after reinfection. A substantial part of children retained low antibody titres during the entire period of observation, and eight previously sero-negative children developed low antibody levels after asymptomatic hepatitis A infections. In one group the spread of hepatitis A infection (clinical and asymptomatic) was prevented by the administration of commercially available immunoglobulin immediately after the discovery of an infected food handler. Passive antibodies were found in previously sero-negative children, and these antibodies dropped to undetectable levels two months after administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145647
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-A, non-B fulminant viral hepatitis in France in returnees from Asia and Africa (1987)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 32 (1987), S. 1151-1154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: fulminant liver failure ; fulminant hepatitis ; non-A ; non-B viral hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Among 61 patients admitted for non-A, non-B fulminant viral hepatitis to Hôpital Beaujon, 10 had returned from Asia or Africa, and 51 had not been outside France, within the month preceding jaundice. This suggests that hepatitis might have been contracted in Asia or Africa in the former, and in France in the latter. The interval between the onset of jaundice and the onset of hepatic encephalopathy was 10 days in the former and 26 days in the latter (P〈0.03). The serum of the patient returning from Asia contained, and the sera of the nine patients returning from Africa did not contain, antibodies to a virus isolated from the stools of patients suffering from an epidemic fecal-oral non-A, non-B viral hepatitis in Central Asia. It is concluded that infection with Asian-African non-A, non-B viruses can be the cause of fulminant hepatitis in persons returning from these countries, that the course of this type of non-A, non-B fulminant viral hepatitis is shorter than that of non-A, non-B fulminant hepatitis contracted in France, and that different viruses might be responsible for non-A, non-B hepatitis in Asia and Africa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01300203
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